2015 Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy
* Beyond bench and bedside: disentangling the concept of translational research.
- The label 'Translational Research' (TR) has become ever more popular in the biomedical domain in recent years. It is usually presented as an attempt to bridge a supposed gap between knowledge produced at the lab bench and its use at the clinical bedside. This is claimed to help society harvest the benefits of its investments in scientific research. The rhetorical as well as moral force of the label TR obscure, however, that it is actually used in very different ways. In this paper, we analyse the scientific discourse on TR, with the aim to disentangle and critically evaluate the different meanings of the label. We start with a brief reconstruction of the history of the concept. Subsequently, we unravel how the label is actually used in a sample of scientific publications on TR and examine the presuppositions implied by different views of TR. We argue that it is useful to distinguish different views of TR on the basis of three dimensions, related to (1) the construction of the 'translational gap'; (2) the model of the translational process; and (3) the cause of the perceived translational gap. We conclude that the motive to make society benefit from its investments in biomedical science may be laudable, but that it is doubtful whether the dominant views of TR will contribute to this end.
=>利用, 使う, 利用する, (体, 能力など)を働かす, 使用, 利用法
Overview of noun use
The noun use has 7 senses (first 6 from tagged texts)
1. (90) use, usage, utilization, utilisation, employment, exercise -- (the act of using; "he warned
against the use of narcotic drugs"; "skilled in the utilization of computers")
2. (18) function, purpose, role, use -- (what something is used for; "the function of an auger is to
bore holes"; "ballet is beautiful but what use is it?")
3. (7) use -- (a particular service; "he put his knowledge to good use"; "patrons have their uses")
4. (1) consumption, economic consumption, usance, use, use of goods and services -- ((economics) the
utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing; "the consumption of energy has
increased steadily")
5. (1) habit, use -- ((psychology) an automatic pattern of behavior in reaction to a specific
situation; may be inherited or acquired through frequent repetition; "owls have nocturnal habits";
"she had a habit twirling the ends of her hair"; "long use had hardened him to it")
6. (1) manipulation, use -- (exerting shrewd or devious influence especially for one's own
advantage; "his manipulation of his friends was scandalous")
7. use, enjoyment -- ((law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning
property; "we were given the use of his boat")
Overview of verb use
The verb use has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts)
1. (603) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ -- (put into service; make work or employ for a
particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; "use your head!"; "we only use Spanish at
home"; "I can't use this tool"; "Apply a magnetic field here"; "This thinking was applied to many
projects"; "How do you utilize this tool?"; "I apply this rule to get good results"; "use the
plastic bags to store the food"; "He doesn't know how to use a computer")
2. (12) use, habituate -- (take or consume (regularly or habitually); "She uses drugs rarely")
3. (8) use, expend -- (use up, consume fully; "The legislature expended its time on school
questions")
4. use -- (seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage; "She uses her influential friends to
get jobs"; "The president's wife used her good connections")
5. practice, apply, use -- (avail oneself to; "apply a principle"; "practice a religion"; "use care
when going down the stairs"; "use your common sense"; "practice non-violent resistance")
6. use -- (habitually do something (use only in the past tense); "She used to call her mother every
week but now she calls only occasionally"; "I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall";
"They used to vacation in the Bahamas")
--- WordNet end ---