ELIZA

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821596 occurrences (No.5 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

397) Given the practicality and low cost of TENS, it can be concluded that it may be possible to use it in the management of ischemic complications in flap operations in smokers.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:23788152 DOI:10.1097/SAP.0b013e318295dd13

2015 Annals of plastic surgery

* The effect of TENS on random pattern flap survival in nicotinized rats.

- The adverse effects of cigarettes, due to their nicotine content, may cause important ischemic complications in flaps. Electrical stimulation increases blood flow in ischemic tissues, the level of vascular endothelial growth factor, capillary density, and angiogenesis while decreasing oxygen tension in tissues. Electrical stimulation is also known to increase survival rate in flaps. In this study, which tests the hypothesis that TENS (a type of electrical stimulation) contributes to enhancement of flap viability by eliminating the adverse effects of nicotine, 40 rats were divided into 4 groups of 10 rats. Nicotinization was achieved by subcutaneous administration of 2 mg/kg per day to the rats, other than those in the Control group, for 4 weeks. The rats in one of the nicotinized groups received 20 mA, 80 Hz TENS (TENS1 group) for 1 hour daily throughout the last week before McFarlane flaps of random pattern were made in the backs of all the rats. Another nicotinized group was subjected to TENS in a similar dose after flap elevation (TENS2 group). Flap blood flow was measured before and 48 hours after their construction, and their fluorescein perfusion was measured immediately after the flap elevation. The comparison of the survival rates of the flaps revealed that, although the blood flow in the Nicotine group was significantly lower than in the Control group, it was significantly higher in the TENS1 group than in both the Control and Nicotine groups. The proportion of the area stained with fluorescein, immediately after the elevation of flaps, was significantly reduced in the Nicotine group compared to the Control group. In the TENS1 group, however, it was greater than in the nicotine and TENS2 groups. Flap viability rates decreased significantly in the Nicotine group compared with the Control group. In the TENS2 group, however, an increase was observed compared with the Nicotine group.These findings suggest that although TENS performed before flap elevation does not contribute to flap survival, despite causing a rise in blood flow, it enhances flap survival when applied postoperatively. Given the practicality and low cost of TENS, it can be concluded that it may be possible to use it in the management of ischemic complications in flap operations in smokers.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

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(1)263 of	(8)5 is	(15)3 by	(22)2 at
(2)34 in	(9)5 was	(16)3 it	(23)2 has
(3)24 null	(10)5 with	(17)3 these	(24)2 therapeutic
(4)24 and	(11)4 a	(18)3 were	(25)2 to
(5)8 the	(12)4 among	(19)3 when	(26)2 visual
(6)5 as	(13)3 are	(20)2 TAA
(7)5 for	(14)3 because	(21)2 acculturation,

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--- WordNet output for use --- =>利用, 使う, 利用する, (体, 能力など)を働かす, 使用, 利用法 Overview of noun use The noun use has 7 senses (first 6 from tagged texts) 1. (90) use, usage, utilization, utilisation, employment, exercise -- (the act of using; "he warned against the use of narcotic drugs"; "skilled in the utilization of computers") 2. (18) function, purpose, role, use -- (what something is used for; "the function of an auger is to bore holes"; "ballet is beautiful but what use is it?") 3. (7) use -- (a particular service; "he put his knowledge to good use"; "patrons have their uses") 4. (1) consumption, economic consumption, usance, use, use of goods and services -- ((economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing; "the consumption of energy has increased steadily") 5. (1) habit, use -- ((psychology) an automatic pattern of behavior in reaction to a specific situation; may be inherited or acquired through frequent repetition; "owls have nocturnal habits"; "she had a habit twirling the ends of her hair"; "long use had hardened him to it") 6. (1) manipulation, use -- (exerting shrewd or devious influence especially for one's own advantage; "his manipulation of his friends was scandalous") 7. use, enjoyment -- ((law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning property; "we were given the use of his boat") Overview of verb use The verb use has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (603) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ -- (put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; "use your head!"; "we only use Spanish at home"; "I can't use this tool"; "Apply a magnetic field here"; "This thinking was applied to many projects"; "How do you utilize this tool?"; "I apply this rule to get good results"; "use the plastic bags to store the food"; "He doesn't know how to use a computer") 2. (12) use, habituate -- (take or consume (regularly or habitually); "She uses drugs rarely") 3. (8) use, expend -- (use up, consume fully; "The legislature expended its time on school questions") 4. use -- (seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage; "She uses her influential friends to get jobs"; "The president's wife used her good connections") 5. practice, apply, use -- (avail oneself to; "apply a principle"; "practice a religion"; "use care when going down the stairs"; "use your common sense"; "practice non-violent resistance") 6. use -- (habitually do something (use only in the past tense); "She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally"; "I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall"; "They used to vacation in the Bahamas") --- WordNet end ---