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242) Since 1978, China has been trying to rebuild its healthcare system, which was destroyed during the 'cultural revolution', allowing private medical institutions to deliver healthcare services.
* A comparison of outpatient healthcare expenditures between public and private medical institutions in urban China: an instrumental variable approach.
- The growth of healthcare expenditure provokes constant comments and discussions, as countries battle the issues on cost containment and cost effectiveness. Prior to 1978, medical institutions in China were either state-owned or were collective public hospitals. Since 1978, China has been trying to rebuild its healthcare system, which was destroyed during the 'cultural revolution', allowing private medical institutions to deliver healthcare services. As a result, private medical institutions have grown from 0% to 28.57% between 1978 and 2010. In this context, we compare outpatient healthcare expenditures between public and private medical institutions. The central problem of this comparison is that the choice of medical institution is endogenous. So we apply an instrumental variable (IV) framework utilizing geographic information (whether the closest medical institution is private) as the instrument while controlling for severity of health and other relevant confounding factors. Using China's Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance Survey 2008-2010, we found that there is no difference in expenditure between public and private medical institutions when IV framework is used. Our econometric tests suggest that our IV model is specified appropriately. However, the ordinary least square model, which is inconsistent in the presence of endogenous regressor(s), reveals that public medical institutions are more expensive.
=>制度組織体系的方式, システム, 組織, 整然とした手順, (思想などの)体系, 体制
Overview of noun system
The noun system has 9 senses (first 8 from tagged texts)
1. (43) system -- (instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work
as a coherent entity; "he bought a new stereo system"; "the system consists of a motor and a small
computer")
2. (23) system, scheme -- (a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified
whole; "a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going")
3. (14) system -- ((physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in different phases
are in equilibrium; "in a static system oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface"; "a system
generating hydrogen peroxide")
4. (10) system, system of rules -- (a complex of methods or rules governing behavior; "they have to
operate under a system they oppose"; "that language has a complex system for indicating gender")
5. (8) arrangement, organization, organisation, system -- (an organized structure for arranging or
classifying; "he changed the arrangement of the topics"; "the facts were familiar but it was in the
organization of them that he was original"; "he tried to understand their system of classification")
6. (7) system -- (a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; "the body has
a system of organs for digestion")
7. (6) system -- (a procedure or process for obtaining an objective; "they had to devise a system
that did not depend on cooperation")
8. (1) system -- (the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a
unified whole; "exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system")
9. organization, organisation, system -- (an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being
methodical and well organized; "his compulsive organization was not an endearing quality"; "we can't
do it unless we establish some system around here")
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