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return kwic search for study out of >500 occurrences
1099112 occurrences (No.1 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

445) This requires that trial reports mention the study cost per cluster and person.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:21937473 DOI:10.1177/0962280211421344

2015 Statistical methods in medical research

* Efficient design of cluster randomized and multicentre trials with unknown intraclass correlation.

- For cluster randomized and multicentre trials evaluating the effect of a treatment on persons nested within clusters, equations have been published to compute the optimal sample sizes at the cluster and person level as a function of sampling costs and intraclass correlation (ICC). Here, optimal means maximum power and precision for a given sampling budget, or minimum sampling costs for a given power and precision. However, the ICC is usually unknown, and the optimal sample sizes depend strongly on this ICC. To overcome this local optimality problem, this study presents Maximin designs (MMDs) based on relative efficiency (RE) and efficiency. These designs perform well over a range of possible ICC values either in terms of RE compared with the locally optimal designs, or in terms of minimum efficiency (maximum variance) of the treatment effect estimator. The use of MMDs is illustrated using information from many cluster randomized trials in primary care. It is concluded that MMDs and the optimal design for an ICC halfway its assumed range are efficient for a range of ICC values and recommendable for practical use. This requires that trial reports mention the study cost per cluster and person.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

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[frequency of next (right) word to study]

(1)109 was	(16)6 used	(31)2 1	(46)2 investigates
(2)36 we	(17)5 included	(32)2 and	(47)2 it
(3)25 aimed	(18)5 showed	(33)2 as	(48)2 objective
(4)24 null	(19)5 subjects	(34)2 assessed	(49)2 participants
(5)15 the	(20)4 a	(35)2 compared	(50)2 period
(6)14 investigated	(21)4 also	(36)2 data	(51)2 provide
(7)14 is	(22)4 demonstrates	(37)2 demonstrated	(52)2 provided
(8)13 examined	(23)4 explored	(38)2 determined	(53)2 provides
(9)9 aims	(24)4 found	(39)2 evaluated	(54)2 recommends
(10)9 were	(25)4 on	(40)2 evaluates	(55)2 reveals
(11)8 of	(26)3 examines	(41)2 findings	(56)2 suggest
(12)8 suggests	(27)3 period,	(42)2 has	(57)2 three
(13)7 to	(28)3 population	(43)2 have
(14)6 in	(29)3 revealed	(44)2 highlighted
(15)6 may	(30)3 shows	(45)2 highlights

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--- WordNet output for study --- =>1.〜を勉強[研究]する, 学ぶ, 調べる, 2.調査, 勉強, 3.書斎, 勉強する Overview of noun study The noun study has 10 senses (first 8 from tagged texts) 1. (90) survey, study -- (a detailed critical inspection) 2. (17) study, work -- (applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading); "mastering a second language requires a lot of work"; "no schools offer graduate study in interior design") 3. (6) report, study, written report -- (a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale") 4. (6) study -- (a state of deep mental absorption; "she is in a deep study") 5. (6) study -- (a room used for reading and writing and studying; "he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study") 6. (3) discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study, study, bailiwick -- (a branch of knowledge; "in what discipline is his doctorate?"; "teachers should be well trained in their subject"; "anthropology is the study of human beings") 7. (2) sketch, study -- (preliminary drawing for later elaboration; "he made several studies before starting to paint") 8. (1) cogitation, study -- (attentive consideration and meditation; "after much cogitation he rejected the offer") 9. study -- (someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play); "he is a quick study") 10. study -- (a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique; "a study in spiccato bowing") Overview of verb study The verb study has 6 senses (first 6 from tagged texts) 1. (73) analyze, analyse, study, examine, canvass, canvas -- (consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning; "analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare"; "analyze the evidence in a criminal trial"; "analyze your real motives") 2. (17) study -- (be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning) 3. (15) study, consider -- (give careful consideration to; "consider the possibility of moving") 4. (13) learn, study, read, take -- (be a student of a certain subject; "She is reading for the bar exam") 5. (5) study, hit the books -- (learn by reading books; "He is studying geology in his room"; "I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now") 6. (2) study, meditate, contemplate -- (think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes; "He is meditating in his study") --- WordNet end ---