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1099112 occurrences (No.1 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

23) This study was conducted to compare the effects of oral toxicity induced by fish oil biodiesel and diesel fuel.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:23406949 DOI:10.1177/0748233713475513

2015 Toxicology and industrial health

* Evaluation of oxidant-antioxidant status in oral toxicity of fish oil methyl esters and diesel fuel in male rats.

- This study was conducted to compare the effects of oral toxicity induced by fish oil biodiesel and diesel fuel. Diesel and fish oil biodiesel were administered by oral gavage to rats. For this purpose, 35 rats were divided into five groups. Sunflower oil of 250 mg kg(-1) was administered to the rats in the control group by oral gavage. The rats in the D250 and D500 groups were administered by oral gavage 250 mg kg(-1) and 500 mg kg(-1) of diesel fuel dissolved in equal amounts of sunflower oil, respectively. The rats in the F250 and F500 groups were administered by oral gavage 250 mg kg(-1) and 500 mg kg(-1) of fish oil biodiesel dissolved in equal amounts of sunflower oil, respectively. At the end of the study, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in the whole blood; catalase (CAT) activity level was measured in erythrocytes; and nitrite (NO2) and nitrate (NO3) levels were measured in the serum. It was observed that the whole blood MDA levels of the diesel groups were considerably different from those in the control and fish oil biodiesel groups (p < 0.001). GSH levels in the control group were observed to be considerably different from those in all other groups (p < 0.001). Serum NO3 concentrations in the diesel groups were found to be considerably different from those in the control and biodiesel groups. Serum NO2 concentrations in one of the diesel groups were significantly different from those in the control and biodiesel groups (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The CAT activity of the control group was observed to be different from that in the other groups. According to these results, both fish oil biodiesel and diesel fuel are thought to cause lipid peroxidation. It was observed that fish oil biodiesel does not induce as much oxidative damage as does the diesel fuel. It is suggested that fish oil biodiesel should be preferred as an alternative to the diesel.

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[frequency of next (right) word to study]

(1)109 was	(16)6 used	(31)2 1	(46)2 investigates
(2)36 we	(17)5 included	(32)2 and	(47)2 it
(3)25 aimed	(18)5 showed	(33)2 as	(48)2 objective
(4)24 null	(19)5 subjects	(34)2 assessed	(49)2 participants
(5)15 the	(20)4 a	(35)2 compared	(50)2 period
(6)14 investigated	(21)4 also	(36)2 data	(51)2 provide
(7)14 is	(22)4 demonstrates	(37)2 demonstrated	(52)2 provided
(8)13 examined	(23)4 explored	(38)2 determined	(53)2 provides
(9)9 aims	(24)4 found	(39)2 evaluated	(54)2 recommends
(10)9 were	(25)4 on	(40)2 evaluates	(55)2 reveals
(11)8 of	(26)3 examines	(41)2 findings	(56)2 suggest
(12)8 suggests	(27)3 period,	(42)2 has	(57)2 three
(13)7 to	(28)3 population	(43)2 have
(14)6 in	(29)3 revealed	(44)2 highlighted
(15)6 may	(30)3 shows	(45)2 highlights

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--- WordNet output for study --- =>1.〜を勉強[研究]する, 学ぶ, 調べる, 2.調査, 勉強, 3.書斎, 勉強する Overview of noun study The noun study has 10 senses (first 8 from tagged texts) 1. (90) survey, study -- (a detailed critical inspection) 2. (17) study, work -- (applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading); "mastering a second language requires a lot of work"; "no schools offer graduate study in interior design") 3. (6) report, study, written report -- (a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale") 4. (6) study -- (a state of deep mental absorption; "she is in a deep study") 5. (6) study -- (a room used for reading and writing and studying; "he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study") 6. (3) discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study, study, bailiwick -- (a branch of knowledge; "in what discipline is his doctorate?"; "teachers should be well trained in their subject"; "anthropology is the study of human beings") 7. (2) sketch, study -- (preliminary drawing for later elaboration; "he made several studies before starting to paint") 8. (1) cogitation, study -- (attentive consideration and meditation; "after much cogitation he rejected the offer") 9. study -- (someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play); "he is a quick study") 10. study -- (a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique; "a study in spiccato bowing") Overview of verb study The verb study has 6 senses (first 6 from tagged texts) 1. (73) analyze, analyse, study, examine, canvass, canvas -- (consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning; "analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare"; "analyze the evidence in a criminal trial"; "analyze your real motives") 2. (17) study -- (be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning) 3. (15) study, consider -- (give careful consideration to; "consider the possibility of moving") 4. (13) learn, study, read, take -- (be a student of a certain subject; "She is reading for the bar exam") 5. (5) study, hit the books -- (learn by reading books; "He is studying geology in his room"; "I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now") 6. (2) study, meditate, contemplate -- (think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes; "He is meditating in his study") --- WordNet end ---