ELIZA

return kwic search for study out of >500 occurrences
1099112 occurrences (No.1 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

190) The proposed procedure is useful because multiple comparisons with a control is very frequently an objective of a clinical study.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:22267547 DOI:10.1177/0962280211434425

2015 Statistical methods in medical research

* Multiple comparisons with a control for a latent variable model with ordered categorical responses.

- Ordered categorical data are frequently encountered in clinical studies. A popular method for comparing the efficacy of treatments is to use logistic regression with the proportional odds assumption. The test statistic is based on the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. However, the proportional odds assumption may not be appropriate. In such cases, the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis is much inflated even though the treatments have the same mean efficacy. An alternative approach that does not rely on the proportional odds assumption is to conceptualize the responses as manifestations of some underlying continuous variables. However, statistical procedures were developed only for the comparison of two treatments. In this article, we derive testing procedures that compare several treatments to a control, utilizing a latent normal distribution with the latent variable model. The proposed procedure is useful because multiple comparisons with a control is very frequently an objective of a clinical study. Data from clinical trials are used to illustrate the proposed procedures.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

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(1)109 was	(16)6 used	(31)2 1	(46)2 investigates
(2)36 we	(17)5 included	(32)2 and	(47)2 it
(3)25 aimed	(18)5 showed	(33)2 as	(48)2 objective
(4)24 null	(19)5 subjects	(34)2 assessed	(49)2 participants
(5)15 the	(20)4 a	(35)2 compared	(50)2 period
(6)14 investigated	(21)4 also	(36)2 data	(51)2 provide
(7)14 is	(22)4 demonstrates	(37)2 demonstrated	(52)2 provided
(8)13 examined	(23)4 explored	(38)2 determined	(53)2 provides
(9)9 aims	(24)4 found	(39)2 evaluated	(54)2 recommends
(10)9 were	(25)4 on	(40)2 evaluates	(55)2 reveals
(11)8 of	(26)3 examines	(41)2 findings	(56)2 suggest
(12)8 suggests	(27)3 period,	(42)2 has	(57)2 three
(13)7 to	(28)3 population	(43)2 have
(14)6 in	(29)3 revealed	(44)2 highlighted
(15)6 may	(30)3 shows	(45)2 highlights

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--- WordNet output for study --- =>1.〜を勉強[研究]する, 学ぶ, 調べる, 2.調査, 勉強, 3.書斎, 勉強する Overview of noun study The noun study has 10 senses (first 8 from tagged texts) 1. (90) survey, study -- (a detailed critical inspection) 2. (17) study, work -- (applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading); "mastering a second language requires a lot of work"; "no schools offer graduate study in interior design") 3. (6) report, study, written report -- (a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale") 4. (6) study -- (a state of deep mental absorption; "she is in a deep study") 5. (6) study -- (a room used for reading and writing and studying; "he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study") 6. (3) discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study, study, bailiwick -- (a branch of knowledge; "in what discipline is his doctorate?"; "teachers should be well trained in their subject"; "anthropology is the study of human beings") 7. (2) sketch, study -- (preliminary drawing for later elaboration; "he made several studies before starting to paint") 8. (1) cogitation, study -- (attentive consideration and meditation; "after much cogitation he rejected the offer") 9. study -- (someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play); "he is a quick study") 10. study -- (a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique; "a study in spiccato bowing") Overview of verb study The verb study has 6 senses (first 6 from tagged texts) 1. (73) analyze, analyse, study, examine, canvass, canvas -- (consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning; "analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare"; "analyze the evidence in a criminal trial"; "analyze your real motives") 2. (17) study -- (be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning) 3. (15) study, consider -- (give careful consideration to; "consider the possibility of moving") 4. (13) learn, study, read, take -- (be a student of a certain subject; "She is reading for the bar exam") 5. (5) study, hit the books -- (learn by reading books; "He is studying geology in his room"; "I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now") 6. (2) study, meditate, contemplate -- (think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes; "He is meditating in his study") --- WordNet end ---