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532339 occurrences (No.23 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

337) Epidemiological studies demonstrated that the exposure of different air pollutants including particulate matter (PM) has been related to adverse effect on immune system.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:23771874 DOI:10.1177/0748233713491812

2015 Toxicology and industrial health

* Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in adolescents from Southeast Bulgarian cities with different levels of air pollution.

- Epidemiological studies demonstrated that the exposure of different air pollutants including particulate matter (PM) has been related to adverse effect on immune system. Current study was designed to investigate cytokines in blood plasma of adolescent persons continuously exposed to different degrees of ambient air pollutions. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-12p40, and IL-10 were chosen as cytokines of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune response. The peripheral venous blood was taken from adolescents living in the cities of Stara Zagora region, Southeast Bulgaria, that is, in Stara Zagora, Kazanlak, and Chirpan. The quantity of cytokines in plasma samples was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results demonstrated that youths living in Stara Zagora showed significantly smaller quantity of TNF-α, compared with adolescents from Kazanlak and Chirpan. Moreover, adolescents living in Stara Zagora showed significantly higher quantity of IL-10 than students from Kazanlak and Chirpan. Analysis of the data of air quality gives reason to assert that PM10 and PM2.5 have been the main atmospheric pollutants around the monitoring points. The complex air quality assessment based on these criteria determined that the highest air pollution was in the city of Stara Zagora, followed by Chirpan and the relatively unpolluted town was Kazanlak. We concluded that air pollutants, mostly PM2.5, can modulate cytokine production and can change the balance between proinflammatory TNF-α and anti-inflammatory IL-10 production. Increased levels of IL-10 combined with decreased level of TNF-α in adolescents living in Stara Zagora can serve as a biomarker for suppression of T helper 1 (Th1) cell-mediated immunity and exacerbation of Th2 humoral immune response and could be a prerequisite for the development of allergic and autoimmune diseases.

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(2)47 null	(15)7 should	(28)3 for	(41)2 indicated
(3)32 of	(16)6 is	(29)3 however,	(42)2 investigating
(4)26 are	(17)6 we	(30)3 performed	(43)2 involving
(5)26 on	(18)5 suggest	(31)3 reported	(44)2 it
(6)19 in	(19)5 the	(32)3 since	(45)2 or
(7)17 were	(20)4 as	(33)3 which	(46)2 provide
(8)16 and	(21)4 demonstrated	(34)2 about	(47)2 published
(9)15 to	(22)4 evaluating	(35)2 also	(48)2 regarding
(10)10 showed	(23)4 from	(36)2 can	(49)2 targeting
(11)8 revealed	(24)4 indicate	(37)2 concerning	(50)2 tested
(12)8 that	(25)4 show	(38)2 demonstrating	(51)2 used
(13)8 using	(26)3 based	(39)2 has	(52)2 was

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--- WordNet output for studies --- Overview of noun study The noun study has 10 senses (first 8 from tagged texts) 1. (90) survey, study -- (a detailed critical inspection) 2. (17) study, work -- (applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading); "mastering a second language requires a lot of work"; "no schools offer graduate study in interior design") 3. (6) report, study, written report -- (a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale") 4. (6) study -- (a state of deep mental absorption; "she is in a deep study") 5. (6) study -- (a room used for reading and writing and studying; "he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study") 6. (3) discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study, study, bailiwick -- (a branch of knowledge; "in what discipline is his doctorate?"; "teachers should be well trained in their subject"; "anthropology is the study of human beings") 7. (2) sketch, study -- (preliminary drawing for later elaboration; "he made several studies before starting to paint") 8. (1) cogitation, study -- (attentive consideration and meditation; "after much cogitation he rejected the offer") 9. study -- (someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play); "he is a quick study") 10. study -- (a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique; "a study in spiccato bowing") Overview of verb study The verb study has 6 senses (first 6 from tagged texts) 1. (73) analyze, analyse, study, examine, canvass, canvas -- (consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning; "analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare"; "analyze the evidence in a criminal trial"; "analyze your real motives") 2. (17) study -- (be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning) 3. (15) study, consider -- (give careful consideration to; "consider the possibility of moving") 4. (13) learn, study, read, take -- (be a student of a certain subject; "She is reading for the bar exam") 5. (5) study, hit the books -- (learn by reading books; "He is studying geology in his room"; "I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now") 6. (2) study, meditate, contemplate -- (think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes; "He is meditating in his study") --- WordNet end ---