ELIZA

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583352 occurrences (No.14 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

198) PDT also significantly reduced the metabolic activity of the biofilms compared with the control, despite the PDZ concentration.

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PMID:23912779 DOI:10.1007/s10103-013-1397-z

2015 Lasers in medical science

* Susceptibility of multispecies biofilm to photodynamic therapy using Photodithazine®.

- This in vitro study evaluated the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the multispecies biofilm of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Streptococcus mutans. Standardized fungal and bacterial suspensions were cultivated appropriately for each species and inoculated in 96-well microtiter plates for mix-biofilm formation. After 48 h of incubation, the biofilms were submitted to PDT (P + L+) using Photodithazine® (PDZ) at 100, 150, 175, 200, or 250 mg/mL for 20 min and 37.5 J/cm(2) of light-emitting diode (LED) (660 nm). Additional samples were treated only with PDZ (P + L-) or LED (P-L+), or neither (control, P-L-). Afterwards, the biofilms were evaluated by quantification of colonies (CFU/mL), metabolic activity (XTT reduction assay), total biomass (crystal violet staining), and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). Compared with the control, PDT promoted a significant reduction in colonies viability of the three species evaluated with 175 and 200 mg/mL of PDZ. PDT also significantly reduced the metabolic activity of the biofilms compared with the control, despite the PDZ concentration. However, no significant difference was found in the total biomass of samples submitted or not to PDT. For all analysis, no significant difference was verified among P-L-, P + L-, and P-L+. CSLM showed a visual increase of dead cells after PDT. PDT-mediated PDZ was effective in reducing the cell viability of multispecies biofilm.

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[frequency of next (right) word to significantly]

(1)88 higher	(13)8 improved	(25)3 (P<0.05)	(39)2 impaired
(2)43 lower	(14)6 correlated	(27)3 affect	(40)2 increases
(3)39 increased	(15)6 elevated	(28)3 better	(41)2 induced
(4)35 reduced	(16)6 fewer	(29)3 increase	(42)2 larger
(5)32 associated	(17)6 less	(30)3 worse	(43)2 predicted
(6)17 decreased	(18)5 enhanced	(31)2 (P	(44)2 reduce
(7)13 in	(19)5 inhibited	(32)2 (p	(45)2 shorter
(8)13 more	(20)4 affected	(34)2 altered	(46)2 smaller
(9)10 greater	(21)4 attenuated	(35)2 by	(47)2 suppressed
(10)10 related	(22)4 between	(36)2 compared	(48)2 to
(11)9 null	(23)4 from	(37)2 decreased,
(12)9 different	(24)4 the	(38)2 differed

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--- WordNet output for significantly --- =>きわめて, 意味深く, 意味ありげに Overview of adv significantly The adv significantly has 3 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (6) significantly -- (in a statistically significant way; "the two groups differed significantly") 2. (3) significantly -- (in a significant manner; "our budget will be significantly affected by these new cuts") 3. importantly, significantly -- (in an important way or to an important degree; "more importantly, Weber held that the manifold meaning attached to the event by the social scientist could alter his definition of the concrete event itself") --- WordNet end ---