* Translation and cultural adaptation of research instruments - guidelines and challenges: an example in FAMCARE-2 for use in Sweden.
- Background: Assessing and evaluating health care is important, and an abundance of instruments are developed in different languages. Translating existing, validated instruments is demanding and calls for adherence to protocol. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the FAMCARE-2 scale for use in Sweden. Methods: Traditional back-translation and the decentering stance were utilized and assessed. Experts in palliative care clinic and research were involved; the FAMCARE-2 instrument was discussed with family caregivers and content validity was assessed by experienced health professionals. Results: Significant discrepancies were not revealed by back-translation. Using the decentering stance gave reliable structure and opportunities for reflection throughout the translation process. Discussion: Translating an existing instrument into a second language requires interpretation and adaptation more than a naive translation. The back-translation process may be enhanced if the decentering stance is adopted.
Overview of verb reveal
The verb reveal has 3 senses (first 2 from tagged texts)
1. (34) uncover, bring out, unveil, reveal -- (make visible; "Summer brings out bright clothes"; "He
brings out the best in her")
2. (17) unwrap, disclose, let on, bring out, reveal, discover, expose, divulge, break, give away,
let out -- (make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or
that was meant to be kept a secret; "The auction house would not disclose the price at which the van
Gogh had sold"; "The actress won't reveal how old she is"; "bring out the truth"; "he broke the news
to her"; "unwrap the evidence in the murder case")
3. reveal -- (disclose directly or through prophets; "God rarely reveal his plans for Mankind")
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