ELIZA

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273413 occurrences (No.92 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

301) First, low-executive OAs showed greater success-related activity in the PFC, whereas low-memory OAs showed greater success-related activity in the MTLs.

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PMID:24152545 DOI:10.1093/cercor/bht289

2015 Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

* Less wiring, more firing: low-performing older adults compensate for impaired white matter with greater neural activity.

- The reliable neuroimaging finding that older adults often show greater activity (over-recruitment) than younger adults is typically attributed to compensation. Yet, the neural mechanisms of over-recruitment in older adults (OAs) are largely unknown. Rodent electrophysiology studies have shown that as number of afferent fibers within a circuit decreases with age, the fibers that remain show higher synaptic field potentials (less wiring, more firing). Extrapolating to system-level measures in humans, we proposed and tested the hypothesis that greater activity in OAs compensates for impaired white-matter connectivity. Using a neuropsychological test battery, we measured individual differences in executive functions associated with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and memory functions associated with the medial temporal lobes (MTLs). Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared activity for successful versus unsuccessful trials during a source memory task. Finally, we measured white-matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging. The study yielded 3 main findings. First, low-executive OAs showed greater success-related activity in the PFC, whereas low-memory OAs showed greater success-related activity in the MTLs. Second, low-executive OAs displayed white-matter deficits in the PFC, whereas low-memory OAs displayed white-matter deficits in the MTLs. Finally, in both prefrontal and MTL regions, white-matter decline and success-related activations occurred in close proximity and were negatively correlated. This finding supports the less-wiring-more-firing hypothesis, which provides a testable account of compensatory over-recruitment in OAs.

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(1)212 to	(11)4 and	(21)3 changes	(31)2 characteristics
(2)11 quality	(12)4 cognitions	(22)3 death	(32)2 genes,
(3)7 factors	(13)4 deaths	(23)3 disease	(33)2 head
(4)6 complications	(14)4 events	(24)3 functional	(34)2 hospital
(5)6 genes	(15)4 issues	(25)3 stress	(35)2 increases
(6)5 health	(16)4 macular	(26)3 symptoms	(36)2 parameters
(7)5 information	(17)4 osteonecrosis	(27)2 Anxiety	(37)2 proteins
(8)5 injuries	(18)4 with	(28)2 Cognitions	(38)2 psychosocial
(9)5 potentials	(19)3 activity	(29)2 barriers	(39)2 species
(10)4 activities	(20)3 cases	(30)2 brain

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--- WordNet output for related --- =>1.関係のある, 関連した, 2.同族の, 親類関係にある Overview of verb relate The verb relate has 5 senses (first 5 from tagged texts) 1. (15) associate, tie in, relate, link, colligate, link up, connect -- (make a logical or causal connection; "I cannot connect these two pieces of evidence in my mind"; "colligate these facts"; "I cannot relate these events at all") 2. (9) refer, pertain, relate, concern, come to, bear on, touch, touch on, have-to doe with -- (be relevant to; "There were lots of questions referring to her talk"; "My remark pertained to your earlier comments") 3. (7) relate -- (give an account of; "The witness related the events") 4. (4) relate, interrelate -- (be in a relationship with; "How are these two observations related?") 5. (2) relate -- (have or establish a relationship to; "She relates well to her peers") Overview of adj related The adj related has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (20) related, related to -- (being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics ; "painting and the related arts"; "school-related activities"; "related to micelle formation is the...ability of detergent actives to congregate at oil-water interfaces") 2. (4) related -- (connected by kinship, common origin, or marriage) --- WordNet end ---