ELIZA

return kwic search for reduced out of >500 occurrences
290904 occurrences (No.84 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

4) Chlorthiophos treatment reduced the MI and NDI significantly, but had no effect on the RI.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:24515492 DOI:10.1002/tox.21968

2015 Environmental toxicology

* Detection of genotoxicity and mutagenicity of chlorthiophos using micronucleus, chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange, and Ames tests.

- Potential mutagenic and genotoxic effects of Chlorthiophos, an organophosphate pesticide, were evaluated using four standard assays. Five different concentrations of the pesticide were tested by an Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102, with and without S9 metabolic activation. No concentrations of Chlorthiophos showed mutagenic activity on the TA97, TA100, and TA102 strains, with and without S9 fraction, but were all mutagenic to the TA98 strain without S9. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberration (CA), and micronucleus (MN) tests were used to investigate the genotoxic effects of Chlorthiophos in human peripheral lymphocytes treated with 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL concentrations of Chlorthiophos for 24 and 48 h. The nuclear division index (NDI), replication index (RI), and mitotic index (MI) were also calculated to determine the cytotoxicity of Chlorthiophos. No increase in SCE frequency was seen for any treatment period or concentration, but Chlorthiophos at 200 µg/mL increased the frequency of CAs. Increases in MN formation were only observed at Chlorthiophos concentrations of 200 µg/mL following 24 and 48 h treatments. Chlorthiophos treatment reduced the MI and NDI significantly, but had no effect on the RI.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

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(1)66 the	(12)4 activity	(24)2 among	(35)2 interhemispheric
(2)30 in	(13)4 both	(25)2 availability	(36)2 it
(3)23 by	(14)4 cell	(26)2 blood	(37)2 likelihood
(4)13 null	(16)3 ability	(27)2 but	(38)2 number
(5)13 to	(17)3 after	(28)2 compared	(39)2 rates
(6)10 glutathione	(18)3 binding	(29)2 effortful	(40)2 stem
(7)8 and	(19)3 or	(30)2 ejection	(41)2 total
(8)8 expression	(20)3 risk	(31)2 following	(42)2 tumor
(9)5 levels	(21)3 sensitivity	(32)2 from	(43)2 which
(10)5 significantly	(22)2 (P	(33)2 glutathione,
(11)4 PGE2	(23)2 BRCA-1	(34)2 hippocampal

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--- WordNet output for reduced --- =>貧しい暮らし, 落ちぶれた生活 Overview of verb reduce The verb reduce has 20 senses (first 11 from tagged texts) 1. (102) reduce, cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut, bring down -- (cut down on; make a reduction in; "reduce your daily fat intake"; "The employer wants to cut back health benefits") 2. (9) reduce -- (make less complex; "reduce a problem to a single question") 3. (5) reduce -- (bring to humbler or weaker state or condition; "He reduced the population to slavery") 4. (3) reduce -- (simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one term for another) 5. (3) reduce -- (lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation; "She reduced her niece to a servant") 6. (3) reduce, come down, boil down -- (be the essential element; "The proposal boils down to a compromise") 7. (2) shrink, reduce -- (reduce in size; reduce physically; "Hot water will shrink the sweater"; "Can you shrink this image?") 8. (1) reduce -- (lessen and make more modest; "reduce one's standard of living") 9. (1) reduce, scale down -- (make smaller; "reduce an image") 10. (1) deoxidize, deoxidise, reduce -- (to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons) 11. (1) reduce, tighten -- (narrow or limit; "reduce the influx of foreigners") 12. repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate, reduce -- (put down by force or intimidation; "The government quashes any attempt of an uprising"; "China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently"; "The rich landowners subjugated the peasants working the land") 13. reduce -- (undergo meiosis; "The cells reduce") 14. reduce -- (reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site) 15. reduce -- (destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it) 16. abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, reduce -- (reduce in scope while retaining essential elements; "The manuscript must be shortened") 17. boil down, reduce, decoct, concentrate -- (be cooked until very little liquid is left; "The sauce should reduce to one cup") 18. reduce, boil down, concentrate -- (cook until very little liquid is left; "The cook reduced the sauce by boiling it for a long time") 19. dilute, thin, thin out, reduce, cut -- (lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture; "cut bourbon") 20. reduce, melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down -- (take off weight) Overview of adj reduced The adj reduced has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (6) decreased, reduced -- (made less in size or amount or degree) 2. (1) reduced, rock-bottom -- (well below normal (especially in price)) --- WordNet end ---