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147) Results reveal that mercury induced lipid peroxidation and in response to this, antioxidants reduced glutathione (GSH) and Catalase (CAT) were reduced whereas, Glutathione reductase (GR) level was enhanced.
* Ameliorative stroke of selenium against toxicological effects of mercuric chloride in liver of freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch).
- Mercury, a prevalent and unrelenting toxin, occurs in a variety of forms in freshwater as well as, in marine life. Mercury is an important inducer of oxidative stress in fish leading to formation of reactive oxygen species. Selenium is an essential micronutrient for animals and has antagonistic effect against mercuric toxicity in fishes. Present study has been made to evaluate toxic effect of HgCl2 (0.15 mg/L) on liver of freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bl.). Protective ability of selenium has been investigated by simultaneous exposure of fish with sodium selenite (0.15 mg/L) along with mercuric chloride. For present study Fishes were divided into three groups of ten fishes each the first group served as control, while the second group fish were exposed to HgCl2 . Animals of third group were treated with HgCl2 and Na2 SeO3 . Results reveal that mercury induced lipid peroxidation and in response to this, antioxidants reduced glutathione (GSH) and Catalase (CAT) were reduced whereas, Glutathione reductase (GR) level was enhanced. These antioxidants scavenge the reactive oxygen radicals. Hg induced histopathological damage and elevation in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and transaminases and reduction in protein and glucose contents were evidently seen in catfish liver. Intriguingly, results indicate that under stress of mercury, the fish actively generate oxidative stress and antioxidant responses, which can be used as biomarkers of pollution. Simultaneous exposure to Selenium along with Hg suppressed Hg uptake and lipid peroxidation. Histological architecture and all biochemical parameters were maintained near normal in the presence of selenium in liver of the catfish.
=>貧しい暮らし, 落ちぶれた生活
Overview of verb reduce
The verb reduce has 20 senses (first 11 from tagged texts)
1. (102) reduce, cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut, bring down -- (cut down on;
make a reduction in; "reduce your daily fat intake"; "The employer wants to cut back health
benefits")
2. (9) reduce -- (make less complex; "reduce a problem to a single question")
3. (5) reduce -- (bring to humbler or weaker state or condition; "He reduced the population to
slavery")
4. (3) reduce -- (simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one
term for another)
5. (3) reduce -- (lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation; "She
reduced her niece to a servant")
6. (3) reduce, come down, boil down -- (be the essential element; "The proposal boils down to a
compromise")
7. (2) shrink, reduce -- (reduce in size; reduce physically; "Hot water will shrink the sweater";
"Can you shrink this image?")
8. (1) reduce -- (lessen and make more modest; "reduce one's standard of living")
9. (1) reduce, scale down -- (make smaller; "reduce an image")
10. (1) deoxidize, deoxidise, reduce -- (to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with
hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons)
11. (1) reduce, tighten -- (narrow or limit; "reduce the influx of foreigners")
12. repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate, reduce -- (put down by force or intimidation; "The
government quashes any attempt of an uprising"; "China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently";
"The rich landowners subjugated the peasants working the land")
13. reduce -- (undergo meiosis; "The cells reduce")
14. reduce -- (reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site)
15. reduce -- (destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it)
16. abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, reduce -- (reduce in scope while
retaining essential elements; "The manuscript must be shortened")
17. boil down, reduce, decoct, concentrate -- (be cooked until very little liquid is left; "The
sauce should reduce to one cup")
18. reduce, boil down, concentrate -- (cook until very little liquid is left; "The cook reduced the
sauce by boiling it for a long time")
19. dilute, thin, thin out, reduce, cut -- (lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture;
"cut bourbon")
20. reduce, melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down -- (take off weight)
Overview of adj reduced
The adj reduced has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts)
1. (6) decreased, reduced -- (made less in size or amount or degree)
2. (1) reduced, rock-bottom -- (well below normal (especially in price))
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