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325270 occurrences (No.61 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

230) The three coefficients λ 4(0.05), λ 4(0.50), and λ 4(0.95) provide new lower bounds to reliability.

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PMID:24306557 DOI:10.1007/s11336-013-9393-6

2015 Psychometrika

* Quantile lower bounds to reliability based on locally optimal splits.

- Extending the theory of lower bounds to reliability based on splits given by Guttman (in Psychometrika 53, 63-70, 1945), this paper introduces quantile lower bound coefficients λ 4(Q) that refer to cumulative proportions of potential locally optimal "split-half" coefficients that are below a particular point Q in the distribution of split-halves based on different partitions of variables into two sets. Interesting quantile values are Q=0.05,0.50,0.95,1.00 with λ 4(0.05)≤λ 4(0.50)≤λ 4(0.95)≤λ 4(1.0). Only the global optimum λ 4(1.0), Guttman's maximal λ 4, has previously been considered to be interesting, but in small samples it substantially overestimates population reliability ρ. The three coefficients λ 4(0.05), λ 4(0.50), and λ 4(0.95) provide new lower bounds to reliability. The smallest, λ 4(0.05), provides the most protection against capitalizing on chance associations, and thus overestimation, λ 4(0.50) is the median of these coefficients, while λ 4(0.95) tends to overestimate reliability, but also exhibits less bias than previous estimators. Computational theory, algorithm, and publicly available code based in R are provided to compute these coefficients. Simulation studies evaluate the performance of these coefficients and compare them to coefficient alpha and the greatest lower bound under several population reliability structures.

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[frequency of next (right) word to provide]

(1)109 a	(12)6 insight	(23)3 care	(34)2 effective
(2)39 an	(13)6 recommendations	(24)3 direct	(35)2 first
(3)32 the	(14)5 reliable	(25)3 guidance	(36)2 for
(4)25 evidence	(15)5 them	(26)3 novel	(37)2 good
(5)14 useful	(16)4 information	(27)3 preliminary	(38)2 greater
(6)13 new	(17)4 insights	(28)2 accurate	(39)2 methodological
(7)8 more	(18)4 such	(29)2 additional	(40)2 one
(8)7 rather	(19)4 us	(30)2 analytical	(41)2 some
(9)7 support	(20)4 valuable	(31)2 answers	(42)2 sufficient
(10)6 further	(21)3 adequate	(32)2 basic	(43)2 to
(11)6 important	(22)3 better	(33)2 clinically

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--- WordNet output for provide --- =>供給する, 与える, 規定する, 条件とする, 準備する, 用意する, 扶養する, 援助する Overview of verb provide The verb provide has 7 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (270) supply, provide, render, furnish -- (give something useful or necessary to; "We provided the room with an electrical heater") 2. (25) provide, supply, ply, cater -- (give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance; "The hostess provided lunch for all the guests") 3. (14) provide -- (determine (what is to happen in certain contingencies), especially by including a proviso condition or stipulation; "The will provides that each child should receive half of the money"; "The Constitution provides for the right to free speech") 4. (2) put up, provide, offer -- (mount or put up; "put up a good fight"; "offer resistance") 5. leave, allow for, allow, provide -- (make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain; "This leaves no room for improvement"; "The evidence allows only one conclusion"; "allow for mistakes"; "leave lots of time for the trip"; "This procedure provides for lots of leeway") 6. provide, bring home the bacon -- (supply means of subsistence; earn a living; "He provides for his large family by working three jobs"; "Women nowadays not only take care of the household but also bring home the bacon") 7. provide -- (take measures in preparation for; "provide for the proper care of the passengers on the cruise ship") --- WordNet end ---