ELIZA

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505151 occurrences (No.26 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

302) We present the first study to investigate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the striking diversity of dewlap color and pattern in Anolis lizards.

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PMID:24078680 DOI:10.1093/jhered/est060

2015 The Journal of heredity

* The role of heritable and dietary factors in the sexual signal of a Hispaniolan Anolis lizard, Anolis distichus.

- The diversity of sexual signals is astounding, and divergence in these traits is believed to be associated with the early stages of speciation. An increasing number of studies also suggest a role for natural selection in driving signal divergence for effective transmission in heterogeneous environments. Both speciation and adaptive divergence, however, are contingent on the sexual signal being heritable, yet this often remains assumed and untested. It is particularly critical that the heritability of carotenoid-based sexual signals is investigated because such traits may instead be phenotypically plastic indicators of an individual's quality that exhibit no or little heritable variation. We present the first study to investigate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the striking diversity of dewlap color and pattern in Anolis lizards. Using a breeding experiment with Anolis distichus populations exhibiting different dewlap phenotypes, we raise F1 offspring in a common garden experiment to assess whether dewlap color is inherited. We follow this with carotenoid supplementation to investigate the influence of dietary pigments to dewlap color variation. We find significant differences in several aspects of dewlap color and pattern to persist to the F1 generation (fathers: N = 19; F1 males: N = 50; P < 0.01) with no change in dewlap phenotype with carotenoid supplementation (N = 52; P > 0.05). These results strongly support that genetic differences underlie dewlap color variation, thereby satisfying a key requirement of natural selection. Our findings provide an important stepping-stone to understanding the evolution of an incredibly diverse signal important for sexual selection and species recognition.

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[frequency of next (right) word to present]

(1)151 study	(10)8 review	(19)3 findings	(28)2 only
(2)60 a	(11)7 investigation	(20)3 on	(29)2 paper,
(3)37 study,	(12)6 an	(21)3 our	(30)2 report,
(4)36 in	(13)6 case	(22)3 research	(31)2 studies
(5)21 the	(14)5 article	(23)2 as	(32)2 this
(6)10 results	(15)5 data	(24)2 between	(33)2 to
(7)9 null	(16)4 and	(25)2 case,	(34)2 work
(8)9 with	(17)4 here	(26)2 either
(9)8 at	(18)4 two	(27)2 more

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--- WordNet output for present --- =>出席している, そこにある, 現在の, 今の, 当面の, いあわせている, 考慮している, 現在, を人に贈る, 進呈する, を与える, を渡す, を紹介する, を公開する, を見せる, 示す, 贈り物, 【文法】現在時制の, プレゼント, 贈る, ある, 現在形の Overview of noun present The noun present has 3 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (17) present, nowadays -- (the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech; "that is enough for the present"; "he lives in the present with no thought of tomorrow") 2. (4) present -- (something presented as a gift; "his tie was a present from his wife") 3. present, present tense -- (a verb tense that expresses actions or states at the time of speaking) Overview of verb present The verb present has 13 senses (first 10 from tagged texts) 1. (40) show, demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate -- (give an exhibition of to an interested audience; "She shows her dogs frequently"; "We will demo the new software in Washington") 2. (28) present, represent, lay out -- (bring forward and present to the mind; "We presented the arguments to him"; "We cannot represent this knowledge to our formal reason") 3. (14) stage, present, represent -- (perform (a play), especially on a stage; "we are going to stage `Othello'") 4. (13) present, submit -- (hand over formally) 5. (7) present, pose -- (introduce; "This poses an interesting question") 6. (3) award, present -- (give, especially as an honor or reward; "bestow honors and prizes at graduation") 7. (3) give, gift, present -- (give as a present; make a gift of; "What will you give her for her birthday?") 8. (3) deliver, present -- (deliver (a speech, oration, or idea); "The commencement speaker presented a forceful speech that impressed the students") 9. (2) introduce, present, acquaint -- (cause to come to know personally; "permit me to acquaint you with my son"; "introduce the new neighbors to the community") 10. (1) portray, present -- (represent abstractly, for example in a painting, drawing, or sculpture; "The father is portrayed as a good-looking man in this painting") 11. confront, face, present -- (present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize; "We confronted him with the evidence"; "He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions"; "An enormous dilemma faces us") 12. present -- (formally present a debutante, a representative of a country, etc.) 13. salute, present -- (recognize with a gesture prescribed by a military regulation; assume a prescribed position; "When the officers show up, the soldiers have to salute") Overview of adj present The adj present has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (60) present -- (temporal sense; intermediate between past and future; now existing or happening or in consideration; "the present leader"; "articles for present use"; "the present topic"; "the present system"; "present observations") 2. (39) present -- (being or existing in a specified place; "the murderer is present in this room"; "present at the wedding"; "present at the creation") --- WordNet end ---