ELIZA cgi-bash version rev. 1.90
- Medical English LInking keywords finder for the PubMed Zipped Archive (ELIZA) -

return kwic search for lower out of >500 occurrences
288686 occurrences (No.85 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
265) Activation of responder lymphocytes was significantly lower by undifferentiated stem cells than by allogeneic lymphocytes in MLR, but differentiated NTU1 hESCs induced a cell number-dependent lymphocyte proliferation comparable with that by allogeneic lymphocytes.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:24144439 DOI:10.3727/096368913X674639
2015 Cell transplantation
* Characteristic expression of major histocompatibility complex and immune privilege genes in human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives.
- Pluripotent stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), have been regarded as useful sources for cell-based transplantation therapy. However, immunogenicity of the cells remains the major determinant for successful clinical application. We report the examination of several hESC lines (NTU1 and H9), hiPSC lines, and their derivatives (including stem cell-derived hepatocytes) for the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC), natural killer (NK) cell receptor (NKp30, NKp44, NKp46) ligand, immune-related genes, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotyping, and the effects in functional mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Flow cytometry showed lower levels (percentages and fluorescence intensities) of MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules, β2-microglobulin, and HLA-E in undifferentiated stem cells. The levels were increased after cotreatment with interferon-γ and/or in vitro differentiation. Antigen-presenting cell markers (CD11c, CD80, and CD86) and MHC-II (HLA-DP, -DQ, and -DR) remained low throughout the treatments. Recognition of stem cells/derivatives by NK lysis receptors were lower or absent. Activation of responder lymphocytes was significantly lower by undifferentiated stem cells than by allogeneic lymphocytes in MLR, but differentiated NTU1 hESCs induced a cell number-dependent lymphocyte proliferation comparable with that by allogeneic lymphocytes. Interestingly, activation of lymphocytes by differentiated hiPSCs or H9 cells became blunted at higher cell numbers. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) showed significant differential expression of immune privilege genes (TGF-β2, Arginase 2, Indole 1, GATA3, POMC, VIP, CALCA, CALCB, IL-1RN, CD95L, CR1L, Serpine 1, HMOX1, IL6, LGALS3, HEBP1, THBS1, CD59, and LGALS1) in pluripotent stem cells/derivatives when compared to somatic cells. It was concluded that pluripotent stem cells/derivatives are predicted to be immunogenic, though evidence suggests some level of potential immune privilege. In addition, differential immunogenicity may exist between different pluripotent stem cell lines and their derivatives.
--- ABSTRACT END ---
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(1)38 than (19)4 incidence (37)3 socioeconomic (55)2 expression
(2)35 in (20)4 leg (38)3 stresses (56)2 eyelid
(3)19 levels (21)4 spine (39)3 values (57)2 eyelids
(4)12 extremity (22)4 total (40)2 Condom (58)2 frequencies
(5)11 risk (23)3 (P (41)2 EI (59)2 frequency
(6)7 compared (24)3 *null* (42)2 IQ (60)2 likelihood
(7)7 level (25)3 ASM/wt (43)2 abdominal (61)2 limit
(8)7 limb (26)3 education (44)2 among (62)2 microleakage
(9)5 at (27)3 educational (45)2 back (63)2 perceived
(10)5 for (28)3 extremities, (46)2 birthweight (64)2 percentage
(11)5 limbs (29)3 heart (47)2 bounds (65)2 quality
(12)5 the (30)3 initial (48)2 by (66)2 rate
(13)4 and (31)3 legs (49)2 complication (67)2 resilience
(14)4 body (32)3 mean (50)2 concentration (68)2 serum
(15)4 cervical (33)3 odds (51)2 concentrations (69)2 shear
(16)4 dose (34)3 prevalence (52)2 demineralization
(17)4 doses (35)3 probability (53)2 esophageal
(18)4 extremities (36)3 sexual (54)2 estimated

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--- WordNet output for lower --- =>1.低くする/なる, 下げる/下がる, 卑しめる, 2.しかめっ面, 3.lowの比較級 Overview of noun lower The noun lower has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts) 1. lower berth, lower -- (the lower of two berths) Overview of verb lower The verb lower has 5 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (15) lower, take down, let down, get down, bring down -- (move something or somebody to a lower position; "take down the vase from the shelf") 2. (6) lower, lour -- (set lower; "lower a rating"; "lower expectations") 3. (1) turn down, lower, lour -- (make lower or quieter; "turn down the volume of a radio") 4. lower, depress -- (cause to drop or sink; "The lack of rain had depressed the water level in the reservoir") 5. frown, glower, lour, lower -- (look angry or sullen, wrinkle one's forehead, as if to signal disapproval) Overview of adj low The adj low has 10 senses (first 6 from tagged texts) 1. (55) low -- (less than normal in degree or intensity or amount; "low prices"; "the reservoir is low") 2. (23) low -- (literal meanings; being at or having a relatively small elevation or upward extension; "low ceilings"; "low clouds"; "low hills"; "the sun is low"; "low furniture"; "a low bow") 3. (11) low, low-toned -- (very low in volume; "a low murmur"; "the low-toned murmur of the surf") 4. (6) low -- (unrefined in character; "low comedy") 5. (4) low, low-pitched -- (used of sounds and voices; low in pitch or frequency) 6. (3) abject, low, low-down, miserable, scummy, scurvy -- (of the most contemptible kind; "abject cowardice"; "a low stunt to pull"; "a low-down sneak"; "his miserable treatment of his family"; "You miserable skunk!"; "a scummy rabble"; "a scurvy trick") 7. humble, low, lowly, modest, small -- (low or inferior in station or quality; "a humble cottage"; "a lowly parish priest"; "a modest man of the people"; "small beginnings") 8. depleted, low -- (no longer sufficient; "supplies are low"; "our funds are depleted") 9. broken, crushed, humbled, humiliated, low -- (subdued or brought low in condition or status; "brought low"; "a broken man"; "his broken spirit") 10. gloomy, grim, blue, depressed, dispirited, down, downcast, downhearted, down in the mouth, low, low-spirited -- (filled with melancholy and despondency ; "gloomy at the thought of what he had to face"; "gloomy predictions"; "a gloomy silence"; "took a grim view of the economy"; "the darkening mood"; "lonely and blue in a strange city"; "depressed by the loss of his job"; "a dispirited and resigned expression on her face"; "downcast after his defeat"; "feeling discouraged and downhearted") --- WordNet end ---