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return kwic search for lower out of >500 occurrences
288686 occurrences (No.85 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

220) The current investigation shows that solution conditions with large kD values, indicating high repulsive protein-protein interactions, show lower initial opalescence, compared to solution conditions with low kD values.

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PMID:24392929 DOI:10.3109/10837450.2013.871032

2015 Pharmaceutical development and technology

* Prediction of colloidal stability of high concentration protein formulations.

- A major aspect determining the colloidal properties of proteins in solution is the interaction between them and with surrounding molecules. These interactions can be described by the concentration dependency of the protein diffusivity (kD), as derived by dynamic light scattering and was determined for different solutions of monoclonal antibodies varying in pH, ionic strength and presence/absence of co-solute(s). Concerning colloidal stability, protein solutions of different kD values are evaluated, based on their initial solution opalescence, to assess protein association. The current investigation shows that solution conditions with large kD values, indicating high repulsive protein-protein interactions, show lower initial opalescence, compared to solution conditions with low kD values. Upon applying stirring stress, to assess colloidal stability, the trend is such that, the higher kD values are, the more stable the protein solutions are, as long as the thermodynamic and conformational stability is not impaired. Besides, kD allows ranking of solution conditions for highly concentrated immunoglobulin solutions up to concentrations of ∼200 mg mL(-1) with regard to protein self-association and thus opalescent properties. The present study shows that the protein interaction parameter kD can be used as a surrogate parameter for a qualitative prediction of protein association and, thus, colloidal protein stability.

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(1)38 than	(19)4 incidence	(37)3 socioeconomic	(55)2 expression
(2)35 in	(20)4 leg	(38)3 stresses	(56)2 eyelid
(3)19 levels	(21)4 spine	(39)3 values	(57)2 eyelids
(4)12 extremity	(22)4 total	(40)2 Condom	(58)2 frequencies
(5)11 risk	(23)3 (P	(41)2 EI	(59)2 frequency
(6)7 compared	(24)3 null	(42)2 IQ	(60)2 likelihood
(7)7 level	(25)3 ASM/wt	(43)2 abdominal	(61)2 limit
(8)7 limb	(26)3 education	(44)2 among	(62)2 microleakage
(9)5 at	(27)3 educational	(45)2 back	(63)2 perceived
(10)5 for	(28)3 extremities,	(46)2 birthweight	(64)2 percentage
(11)5 limbs	(29)3 heart	(47)2 bounds	(65)2 quality
(12)5 the	(30)3 initial	(48)2 by	(66)2 rate
(13)4 and	(31)3 legs	(49)2 complication	(67)2 resilience
(14)4 body	(32)3 mean	(50)2 concentration	(68)2 serum
(15)4 cervical	(33)3 odds	(51)2 concentrations	(69)2 shear
(16)4 dose	(34)3 prevalence	(52)2 demineralization
(17)4 doses	(35)3 probability	(53)2 esophageal
(18)4 extremities	(36)3 sexual	(54)2 estimated

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--- WordNet output for lower --- =>1.低くする/なる, 下げる/下がる, 卑しめる, 2.しかめっ面, 3.lowの比較級 Overview of noun lower The noun lower has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts) 1. lower berth, lower -- (the lower of two berths) Overview of verb lower The verb lower has 5 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (15) lower, take down, let down, get down, bring down -- (move something or somebody to a lower position; "take down the vase from the shelf") 2. (6) lower, lour -- (set lower; "lower a rating"; "lower expectations") 3. (1) turn down, lower, lour -- (make lower or quieter; "turn down the volume of a radio") 4. lower, depress -- (cause to drop or sink; "The lack of rain had depressed the water level in the reservoir") 5. frown, glower, lour, lower -- (look angry or sullen, wrinkle one's forehead, as if to signal disapproval) Overview of adj low The adj low has 10 senses (first 6 from tagged texts) 1. (55) low -- (less than normal in degree or intensity or amount; "low prices"; "the reservoir is low") 2. (23) low -- (literal meanings; being at or having a relatively small elevation or upward extension; "low ceilings"; "low clouds"; "low hills"; "the sun is low"; "low furniture"; "a low bow") 3. (11) low, low-toned -- (very low in volume; "a low murmur"; "the low-toned murmur of the surf") 4. (6) low -- (unrefined in character; "low comedy") 5. (4) low, low-pitched -- (used of sounds and voices; low in pitch or frequency) 6. (3) abject, low, low-down, miserable, scummy, scurvy -- (of the most contemptible kind; "abject cowardice"; "a low stunt to pull"; "a low-down sneak"; "his miserable treatment of his family"; "You miserable skunk!"; "a scummy rabble"; "a scurvy trick") 7. humble, low, lowly, modest, small -- (low or inferior in station or quality; "a humble cottage"; "a lowly parish priest"; "a modest man of the people"; "small beginnings") 8. depleted, low -- (no longer sufficient; "supplies are low"; "our funds are depleted") 9. broken, crushed, humbled, humiliated, low -- (subdued or brought low in condition or status; "brought low"; "a broken man"; "his broken spirit") 10. gloomy, grim, blue, depressed, dispirited, down, downcast, downhearted, down in the mouth, low, low-spirited -- (filled with melancholy and despondency ; "gloomy at the thought of what he had to face"; "gloomy predictions"; "a gloomy silence"; "took a grim view of the economy"; "the darkening mood"; "lonely and blue in a strange city"; "depressed by the loss of his job"; "a dispirited and resigned expression on her face"; "downcast after his defeat"; "feeling discouraged and downhearted") --- WordNet end ---