ELIZA

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318584 occurrences (No.68 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

124) We have recently demonstrated that exposure to barium for a short time (≤4 days) and at a low level (5 µM = 687 µg/L) promotes invasion of human nontumorigenic HaCaT cells, which have characteristics similar to those of normal keratinocytes, suggesting that exposure to barium for a short time enhances malignant characteristics.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:23804419 DOI:10.1002/tox.21881

2015 Environmental toxicology

* Enhanced constitutive invasion activity in human nontumorigenic keratinocytes exposed to a low level of barium for a long time.

- We have recently demonstrated that exposure to barium for a short time (≤4 days) and at a low level (5 µM = 687 µg/L) promotes invasion of human nontumorigenic HaCaT cells, which have characteristics similar to those of normal keratinocytes, suggesting that exposure to barium for a short time enhances malignant characteristics. Here we examined the effect of exposure to low level of barium for a long time, a condition mimicking the exposure to barium through well water, on malignant characteristics of HaCaT keratinocytes. Constitutive invasion activity, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) protein expression and activity, and matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) protein expression in primary cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes, HaCaT keratinocytes, and HSC5 and A431 human squamous cell carcinoma cells were augmented following an increase in malignancy grade of the cells. Constitutive invasion activity, FAK phosphorylation, and MMP14 expression levels of HaCaT keratinocytes after treatment with 5 µM barium for 4 months were significantly higher than those of control untreated HaCaT keratinocytes. Taken together, our results suggest that exposure to a low level of barium for a long time enhances constitutive malignant characteristics of HaCaT keratinocytes via regulatory molecules (FAK and MMP14) for invasion.

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(1)21 and	(18)4 or	(35)2 Chilean	(52)2 energy
(2)19 laser	(19)4 socioeconomic	(36)2 HLB	(53)2 families
(3)11 doses	(20)3 Er:YAG	(37)2 OAs	(54)2 genetic
(4)11 levels	(21)3 O2	(38)2 acculturation	(55)2 group
(5)10 null	(22)3 PFR	(39)2 activities	(56)2 maternal
(6)10 cost	(23)3 PbB	(40)2 activity	(57)2 method
(7)10 lipoprotein	(24)3 STT	(41)2 after	(58)2 molecular
(8)8 back	(25)3 concentrations	(42)2 areas	(59)2 oral
(9)8 birth	(26)3 educational	(43)2 at	(60)2 pH
(10)8 dose	(27)3 features	(44)2 bioavailability	(61)2 peer
(11)7 in	(28)3 risk	(45)2 body	(62)2 population
(12)7 level	(29)3 serum	(46)2 cancer	(63)2 radiation
(13)6 birthweight	(30)3 shear	(47)2 children	(64)2 resilience
(14)5 but	(31)3 tumours	(48)2 coverage	(65)2 running
(15)4 as	(32)3 vagal	(49)2 degree	(66)2 sensitivity
(16)4 carbon	(33)3 water	(50)2 density	(67)2 settings
(17)4 income	(34)3 whole-body	(51)2 education	(68)2 temperature

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--- WordNet output for low --- =>安い, 低いところ, 卑劣に, 粗食で, 低い(もの), 弱い, 粗末な, 乏しい, 衿ぐりが深い, 建物の低い, 下劣な, 低級な Overview of noun low The noun low has 4 senses (no senses from tagged texts) 1. low, depression -- (an air mass of lower pressure; often brings precipitation; "a low moved in over night bringing sleet and snow") 2. Low, David Low, Sir David Low, Sir David Alexander Cecil Low -- (British political cartoonist (born in New Zealand) who created the character Colonel Blimp (1891-1963)) 3. low -- (a low level or position or degree; "the stock market fell to a new low") 4. first gear, first, low gear, low -- (the lowest forward gear ratio in the gear box of a motor vehicle; used to start a car moving) Overview of verb low The verb low has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts) 1. moo, low -- (make a low noise, characteristic of bovines) Overview of adj low The adj low has 10 senses (first 6 from tagged texts) 1. (55) low -- (less than normal in degree or intensity or amount; "low prices"; "the reservoir is low") 2. (23) low -- (literal meanings; being at or having a relatively small elevation or upward extension; "low ceilings"; "low clouds"; "low hills"; "the sun is low"; "low furniture"; "a low bow") 3. (11) low, low-toned -- (very low in volume; "a low murmur"; "the low-toned murmur of the surf") 4. (6) low -- (unrefined in character; "low comedy") 5. (4) low, low-pitched -- (used of sounds and voices; low in pitch or frequency) 6. (3) abject, low, low-down, miserable, scummy, scurvy -- (of the most contemptible kind; "abject cowardice"; "a low stunt to pull"; "a low-down sneak"; "his miserable treatment of his family"; "You miserable skunk!"; "a scummy rabble"; "a scurvy trick") 7. humble, low, lowly, modest, small -- (low or inferior in station or quality; "a humble cottage"; "a lowly parish priest"; "a modest man of the people"; "small beginnings") 8. depleted, low -- (no longer sufficient; "supplies are low"; "our funds are depleted") 9. broken, crushed, humbled, humiliated, low -- (subdued or brought low in condition or status; "brought low"; "a broken man"; "his broken spirit") 10. gloomy, grim, blue, depressed, dispirited, down, downcast, downhearted, down in the mouth, low, low-spirited -- (filled with melancholy and despondency ; "gloomy at the thought of what he had to face"; "gloomy predictions"; "a gloomy silence"; "took a grim view of the economy"; "the darkening mood"; "lonely and blue in a strange city"; "depressed by the loss of his job"; "a dispirited and resigned expression on her face"; "downcast after his defeat"; "feeling discouraged and downhearted") Overview of adv low The adv low has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (3) low -- (in a low position; near the ground; "the branches hung low") --- WordNet end ---