* Beneficial influence of topical extra virgin olive oil application on an experimental model of penile fracture in rats.
- Penile fracture (PF) is known as a traumatic rupture of the tunica albuginea of corpus cavernosum. In this study, we aimed to investigate the healing influence of topical extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on PF through evaluating levels of some oxidative stress biomarkers for the first time. Histopathological evaluation was also realized. A total of 18 male Sprague-Dawley albino rats were divided into three groups of six rats each as control group, in PF (alone) group, and PF + EVOO group. Experimental PF was formed via incising from the proximal dorsal side of the penis in the rats of all groups except control. While in PF (alone) group, fracture was formed and the incision was primarily closed, in PF + EVOO group in addition to foregoing processes, EVOO was also administrated topically twice a day for 3 weeks. At the end of the experiment, all rats were killed and penectomy was carried out. While malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, lipid hyroperoxide, and total oxidant status significantly (p < 0.05) increased, reduced glutathione and total free sulfhydryl groups markedly (p < 0.05) decreased in PF (alone) group when compared with PF + EVOO group. Levels of these parameters were reversed to nearly normal values by topical EVOO application. Protection by EVOO is further substantiated via the improved histological findings in PF + EVOO group as against degenerative changes in the rats of PF (alone) group. Our data revealed that EVOO has protective effect in penile cavernosal tissue through probably its antioxidant, free radical defusing, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects.
Overview of noun level
The noun level has 8 senses (first 6 from tagged texts)
1. (69) degree, grade, level -- (a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; "a
moderate grade of intelligence"; "a high level of care is required"; "it is all a matter of degree")
2. (22) grade, level, tier -- (a relative position or degree of value in a graded group; "lumber of
the highest grade")
3. (15) degree, level, stage, point -- (a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or
especially in a process; "a remarkable degree of frankness"; "at what stage are the social
sciences?")
4. (5) level -- (height above ground; "the water reached ankle level"; "the pictures were at the
same level")
5. (1) level, spirit level -- (indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered
in a tube of liquid)
6. (1) horizontal surface, level -- (a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line; "park the car
on the level")
7. level, layer, stratum -- (an abstract place usually conceived as having depth; "a good actor
communicates on several levels"; "a simile has at least two layers of meaning"; "the mind functions
on many strata simultaneously")
8. floor, level, storey, story -- (a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single
position along a vertical scale; "what level is the office on?")
Overview of verb level
The verb level has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts)
1. (4) level -- (aim at; "level criticism or charges at somebody")
2. (1) level, raze, rase, dismantle, tear down, take down, pull down -- (tear down so as to make
flat with the ground; "The building was levelled")
3. (1) flush, level, even out, even -- (make level or straight; "level the ground")
4. charge, level, point -- (direct into a position for use; "point a gun"; "He charged his weapon at
me")
5. level -- (talk frankly with; lay it on the line; "I have to level with you")
6. level, level off -- (become level or even; "The ground levelled off")
--- WordNet end ---