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501283 occurrences (No.27 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

424) The convolution method uses in vitro dissolution data to derive plasma drug levels using reported pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of a test product.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:24164467 DOI:10.3109/03639045.2013.850706

2015 Drug development and industrial pharmacy

* Prediction of in vivo plasma concentration-time profile from in vitro release data of designed formulations of milnacipran using numerical convolution method.

- The aim of this study was to predict the in vivo plasma drug level of milnacipran (MIL) from in vitro dissolution data of immediate release (IR 50 mg and IR 100 mg) and matrix based controlled release (CR 100 mg) formulations. Plasma drug concentrations of these formulations were predicted by numerical convolution method. The convolution method uses in vitro dissolution data to derive plasma drug levels using reported pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of a test product. The bioavailability parameters (Cmax and AUC) predicted from convolution method were found to be 106.90 ng/mL, 1138.96 ng/mL h for IR 50 mg and 209.80 ng/mL, 2280.61 ng/mL h for IR 100 mg which are similar to those reported in the literature. The calculated PK parameters were validated with percentage predication error (% PE). The % PE values for Cmax and AUC were found to be 7.04 and -7.35 for IR 50 mg and 11.10 and -8.21 for IR 100 mg formulations. The Cmax, Tmax, and AUC for CR 100 mg were found to be 120 ng/mL, 10 h and 2112.60 ng/mL h, respectively. Predicted plasma profile of designed CR formulation compared with IR formulations which indicated that CR formulation can prolong the plasma concentration of MIL for 24 h. Thus, this convolution method is very useful for designing and selection of formulation before animal and human studies.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

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--- WordNet output for levels --- Overview of noun level The noun level has 8 senses (first 6 from tagged texts) 1. (69) degree, grade, level -- (a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; "a moderate grade of intelligence"; "a high level of care is required"; "it is all a matter of degree") 2. (22) grade, level, tier -- (a relative position or degree of value in a graded group; "lumber of the highest grade") 3. (15) degree, level, stage, point -- (a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; "a remarkable degree of frankness"; "at what stage are the social sciences?") 4. (5) level -- (height above ground; "the water reached ankle level"; "the pictures were at the same level") 5. (1) level, spirit level -- (indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid) 6. (1) horizontal surface, level -- (a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line; "park the car on the level") 7. level, layer, stratum -- (an abstract place usually conceived as having depth; "a good actor communicates on several levels"; "a simile has at least two layers of meaning"; "the mind functions on many strata simultaneously") 8. floor, level, storey, story -- (a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale; "what level is the office on?") Overview of verb level The verb level has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (4) level -- (aim at; "level criticism or charges at somebody") 2. (1) level, raze, rase, dismantle, tear down, take down, pull down -- (tear down so as to make flat with the ground; "The building was levelled") 3. (1) flush, level, even out, even -- (make level or straight; "level the ground") 4. charge, level, point -- (direct into a position for use; "point a gun"; "He charged his weapon at me") 5. level -- (talk frankly with; lay it on the line; "I have to level with you") 6. level, level off -- (become level or even; "The ground levelled off") --- WordNet end ---