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450) From a morphological perspective, the results indicate that vaccination and triploidy increase cardiac workload in farmed Atlantic salmon.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:24422684 DOI:10.1111/jfd.12216

2015 Journal of fish diseases

* Vaccination and triploidy increase relative heart weight in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

- Heart morphology is particularly plastic in teleosts and differs between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon. However, little is known about how different culture practices and sex affect heart morphology. This study investigated how vaccination, triploidy and sex affected heart size and heart morphology (ventricle shape, angle of the bulbus arteriosus) in farmed Atlantic salmon for 18 months following vaccination (from c. 50-3000 g body weight). In addition, hearts were examined histologically after 7 months in sea water. All fish sampled were sexually immature. Vaccinated fish had significantly heavier hearts relative to body weight and a more triangular ventricle than unvaccinated fish, suggesting a greater cardiac workload. Irrespective of time, triploids had significantly heavier hearts relative to body weight, a more acute angle of the bulbus arteriosus and less fat deposition in the epicardium than diploids. The ventricle was also more triangular in triploids than diploids at seawater transfer. Sex had transient effects on the angle of the bulbus arteriosus, but no effect on relative heart weight or ventricle shape. From a morphological perspective, the results indicate that vaccination and triploidy increase cardiac workload in farmed Atlantic salmon.

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--- WordNet output for increase --- =>大きくなる, を増す, 増大させる, 強まる, 増加, 増える, 増やす Overview of noun increase The noun increase has 5 senses (first 5 from tagged texts) 1. (49) addition, increase, gain -- (a quantity that is added; "there was an addition to property taxes this year"; "they recorded the cattle's gain in weight over a period of weeks") 2. (21) increase -- (a change resulting in an increase; "the increase is scheduled for next month") 3. (7) increase, increment, growth -- (a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important; "the increase in unemployment"; "the growth of population") 4. (3) increase, increment -- (the amount by which something increases; "they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare") 5. (3) increase, step-up -- (the act of increasing something; "he gave me an increase in salary") Overview of verb increase The verb increase has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (86) increase -- (become bigger or greater in amount; "The amount of work increased") 2. (61) increase -- (make bigger or more; "The boss finally increased her salary"; "The university increased the number of students it admitted") --- WordNet end ---