ELIZA

return kwic search for increase out of >500 occurrences
611425 occurrences (No.13 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

429) Our second recommendation is to allow for exceptions to the minimal risk and burden requirement in cases of exceptionally valuable studies that involve subjects who can give their assent to participate in the study and that involve at most a minor increase over minimal risk and/or burden.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:24014633 DOI:10.1136/medethics-2013-101496

2015 Journal of medical ethics

* Improving the Helsinki Declaration's guidance on research in incompetent subjects.

- Research involving children or other incompetent subjects who are deemed unable to provide informed consent is complex, particularly in the case of research that does not directly benefit the research subjects themselves. The Helsinki Declaration, the World Medical Association's landmark document for research ethics, therefore states that incompetent research subjects must not be included in such research unless it entails only minimal risk and minimal burden. In this paper, we argue that now that research in these groups is expected to expand, this undifferentiated minimal risk and burden requirement does not suffice any more. In the upcoming revision of the Declaration, the paragraph at stake should be refined in such a way that it is not unnecessarily restrictive or more permissive than can be ethically justified. Our first recommendation is to stimulate research ethics committees to identify more accurately those risks and burdens that the research subjects must undergo solely for research purposes by distinguishing between two types of study procedures instead of between two types of studies. Our second recommendation is to allow for exceptions to the minimal risk and burden requirement in cases of exceptionally valuable studies that involve subjects who can give their assent to participate in the study and that involve at most a minor increase over minimal risk and/or burden.

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(1)259 in	(7)6 during	(13)3 drug	(19)2 ROM
(2)55 the	(8)5 was	(14)3 from	(20)2 between
(3)36 of	(9)5 with	(15)3 or	(21)2 chlamydia
(4)10 null	(10)4 life	(16)3 susceptibility	(22)2 could
(5)7 physical	(11)3 at	(17)3 their	(23)2 observed
(6)6 and	(12)3 awareness	(18)2 (P	(24)2 our

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--- WordNet output for increase --- =>大きくなる, を増す, 増大させる, 強まる, 増加, 増える, 増やす Overview of noun increase The noun increase has 5 senses (first 5 from tagged texts) 1. (49) addition, increase, gain -- (a quantity that is added; "there was an addition to property taxes this year"; "they recorded the cattle's gain in weight over a period of weeks") 2. (21) increase -- (a change resulting in an increase; "the increase is scheduled for next month") 3. (7) increase, increment, growth -- (a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important; "the increase in unemployment"; "the growth of population") 4. (3) increase, increment -- (the amount by which something increases; "they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare") 5. (3) increase, step-up -- (the act of increasing something; "he gave me an increase in salary") Overview of verb increase The verb increase has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (86) increase -- (become bigger or greater in amount; "The amount of work increased") 2. (61) increase -- (make bigger or more; "The boss finally increased her salary"; "The university increased the number of students it admitted") --- WordNet end ---