* Casein kinase 1 regulates Sprouty2 in FGF-ERK signaling.
- Sprouty2 (SPRY2) is a potent negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, and is implicated as a tumor suppressor. SPRY2 inhibits FGF-RAS-ERK signaling by binding to growth factor receptor bound protein 2 (GRB2) during fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) activation, disrupting the GRB2-SOS (son of sevenless) complex that transduces signals from FGFR to RAS. SPRY2 binding to GRB2 is modulated by phosphorylation but the key regulatory kinase(s) are not known. Prior studies identified the frequent presence of CK1 phosphorylation motifs on SPRY2. We therefore tested if CK1 has a role in SPRY2 phosphorylation and function. Loss of CK1 binding and inhibition of CK1 activity by two structurally distinct small molecules abrogated SPRY2 inhibition of FGF-ERK signaling, leading to decreased SPRY2 interaction with GRB2. Moreover, CK1 activity and binding are necessary for SPRY2 inhibition of FGF-stimulated neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Consistent with its proposed role as an inhibitor of FGF signaling, we find that CSNK1E transcript abundance negatively correlates with FGF1/FGF7 message in human gastric cancer samples. Modulation of CK1 activity may be therapeutically useful in the treatment of FGF/SPRY2-related diseases.
=>確認飛行物体;略:IFO
Overview of verb identify
The verb identify has 6 senses (first 6 from tagged texts)
1. (32) identify, place -- (recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something; "She
identified the man on the 'wanted' poster")
2. (7) name, identify -- (give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some
other identifying characteristic property; "Many senators were named in connection with the
scandal"; "The almanac identifies the auspicious months")
3. (6) identify -- (consider (oneself) as similar to somebody else; "He identified with the
refugees")
4. (4) identify -- (conceive of as united or associated; "Sex activity is closely identified with
the hypothalamus")
5. (2) identify, discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe, name -- (identify as in botany or
biology, for example)
6. (2) identify -- (consider to be equal or the same; "He identified his brother as one of the
fugitives")
Overview of adj identified
The adj identified has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (1) identified -- (having the identity known or established; "the identified bodies were released
for burial")
--- WordNet end ---