2015 Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus
* Exposure to an atomic bomb explosion is a risk factor for in-hospital death after esophagectomy to treat esophageal cancer.
- Esophagectomy, one of the most invasive of all gastrointestinal operations, is associated with a high frequency of postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether exposure to the atomic bomb explosion at Hiroshima in 1945 might be a preoperative risk factor for in-hospital mortality after esophagectomy in esophageal cancer patients. We thus reviewed the outcomes of esophagectomy in 31 atomic bomb survivors with esophageal cancer and 96 controls (also with cancer but without atomic bomb exposure). We compared the incidences of postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality. Of the clinicopathological features studied, mean patient age was significantly higher in atomic bomb survivors than in controls. Of the postoperative complications noted, atomic bomb survivors experienced a longer mean period of endotracheal intubation and higher incidences of severe pulmonary complications, severe anastomotic leakage, and surgical site infection. The factors associated with in-hospital mortality were exposure to the atomic bomb explosion, pulmonary comorbidities, and electrocardiographic abnormalities. Multivariate analysis revealed that exposure to the atomic bomb explosion was an independent significant preoperative risk factor for in-hospital mortality. Exposure to the atomic bomb explosion is thus a preoperative risk factor for in-hospital death after esophagectomy to treat esophageal cancer.
=>幹部, おえら方
Overview of adj higher
The adj higher has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts)
1. (10) higher -- (advanced in complexity or elaboration; "higher finance"; "higher mathematics")
2. (1) higher -- (of education beyond the secondary level; "higher education"; "higher learning")
Overview of adj high
The adj high has 7 senses (first 5 from tagged texts)
1. (134) high -- (greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount; "a high temperature"; "a
high price"; "the high point of his career"; "high risks"; "has high hopes"; "the river is high";
"he has a high opinion of himself")
2. (51) high -- ((literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or
upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like `knee-high'); "a high mountain"; "high
ceilings"; "high buildings"; "a high forehead"; "a high incline"; "a foot high")
3. (10) eminent, high -- (standing above others in quality or position; "people in high places";
"the high priest"; "eminent members of the community")
4. (7) high, high-pitched -- (used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency)
5. (2) high, in high spirits -- (happy and excited and energetic)
6. gamey, gamy, high -- ((used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted)
7. high, mellow -- (slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug (especially
marijuana))
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