2015 Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
* Reconstruction of hepatic stellate cell-incorporated liver capillary structures in small hepatocyte tri-culture using microporous membranes.
- In liver sinusoids, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) locate the outer surface of microvessels to form a functional unit with endothelia and hepatocytes. To reconstruct functional liver tissue in vitro, formation of the HSC-incorporated sinusoidal structure is essential. We previously demonstrated capillary formation of endothelial cells (ECs) in tri-culture, where a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microporous membrane was intercalated between the ECs and hepatic organoids composed of small hepatocytes (SHs), i.e. hepatic progenitor cells, and HSCs. However, the high thickness and low porosity of the membranes limited heterotypic cell-cell interactions, which are essential to form HSC-EC hybrid structures. Here, we focused on the effective use of the thin and highly porous poly( d, l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microporous membranes in SH-HSC-EC tri-culture to reconstruct the HSC-incorporated liver capillary structures in vitro. First, the formation of EC capillary-like structures was induced on Matrigel-coated PLGA microporous membranes. Next, the membranes were stacked on hepatic organoids composed of small SHs and HSCs. When the pore size and porosity of the membranes were optimized, HSCs selectively migrated to the EC capillary-like structures. This process was mediated in part by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signalling. In addition, the HSCs were located along the outer surface of the EC capillary-like structures with their long cytoplasmic processes. In the HSC-incorporated capillary tissues, SHs acquired high levels of differentiated functions, compared to those without ECs. This model will provide a basis for the construction of functional, thick, vascularized liver tissues in vitro.
=>1.高いところにある, 高い, 高さが〜の, 高貴な, 高く, 高額の, 興奮状態の, 2.高い所, 高水準
Overview of noun high
The noun high has 7 senses (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (5) high -- (a lofty level or position or degree; "summer temperatures reached an all-time high")
2. high -- (an air mass of higher than normal pressure; "the east coast benefits from a Bermuda
high")
3. high -- (a state of sustained elation; "I'm on a permanent high these days")
4. high -- (a state of altered consciousness induced by alcohol or narcotics; "they took drugs to
get a high on")
5. high, heights -- (a high place; "they stood on high and observed the countryside"; "he doesn't
like heights")
6. senior high school, senior high, high, highschool, high school -- (a public secondary school
usually including grades 9 through 12; "he goes to the neighborhood highschool")
7. high gear, high -- (a forward gear with a gear ratio that gives the greatest vehicle velocity for
a given engine speed)
Overview of adj high
The adj high has 7 senses (first 5 from tagged texts)
1. (134) high -- (greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount; "a high temperature"; "a
high price"; "the high point of his career"; "high risks"; "has high hopes"; "the river is high";
"he has a high opinion of himself")
2. (51) high -- ((literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or
upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like `knee-high'); "a high mountain"; "high
ceilings"; "high buildings"; "a high forehead"; "a high incline"; "a foot high")
3. (10) eminent, high -- (standing above others in quality or position; "people in high places";
"the high priest"; "eminent members of the community")
4. (7) high, high-pitched -- (used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency)
5. (2) high, in high spirits -- (happy and excited and energetic)
6. gamey, gamy, high -- ((used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted)
7. high, mellow -- (slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug (especially
marijuana))
Overview of adv high
The adv high has 4 senses (first 2 from tagged texts)
1. (9) high, high up -- (at a great altitude; "he climbed high on the ladder")
2. (2) high -- (in or to a high position, amount, or degree; "prices have gone up far too high")
3. high, richly, luxuriously -- (in a rich manner; "he lives high")
4. high -- (far up toward the source; "he lives high up the river")
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