ELIZA

return kwic search for high out of >500 occurrences
636281 occurrences (No.11 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

209) This system might rely on (i) a longitudinal survey of sentinel birds in high-risk areas and time periods for WNV transmission, (ii) investigations of bird die-offs and (iii) syndromic surveillance of equine meningoencephalitis.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:23906318 DOI:10.1111/tbed.12077

2015 Transboundary and emerging diseases

* Mapping the serological prevalence rate of West Nile fever in equids, Tunisia.

- West Nile fever (WNF) is a viral disease of wild birds transmitted by mosquitoes. Humans and equids can also be affected and suffer from meningoencephalitis. In Tunisia, two outbreaks of WNF occurred in humans in 1997 and 2003; sporadic cases were reported on several other years. Small-scale serological surveys revealed the presence of antibodies against WN virus (WNV) in equid sera. However, clinical cases were never reported in equids, although their population is abundant in Tunisia. This study was achieved to characterize the nationwide serological status of WNV in Tunisian equids. In total, 1189 sera were collected in 2009 during a cross-sectional survey. Sera were tested for IgG antibodies, using ELISA and microneutralization tests. The estimated overall seroprevalence rate was 28%, 95% confidence interval [22; 34]. The highest rates were observed (i) in the north-eastern governorates (Jendouba, 74%), (ii) on the eastern coast (Monastir, 64%) and (iii) in the lowlands of Chott El Jerid and Chott el Gharsa (Kebili, 58%; Tozeur, 52%). Environmental risk factors were assessed, including various indicators of wetlands, wild avifauna, night temperature and chlorophyllous activity (normalized difference vegetation index: NDVI). Multimodel inference showed that lower distance to ornithological sites and wetlands, lower night-time temperature, and higher NDVI in late spring and late fall were associated with higher serological prevalence rate. The model-predicted nationwide map of WNF seroprevalence rate in Tunisian equids highlighted different areas with high seroprevalence probability. These findings are discussed in the perspective of implementing a better WNF surveillance system in Tunisia. This system might rely on (i) a longitudinal survey of sentinel birds in high-risk areas and time periods for WNV transmission, (ii) investigations of bird die-offs and (iii) syndromic surveillance of equine meningoencephalitis.

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(1)18 risk	(19)4 gamma	(37)2 AT	(55)2 importance
(2)14 and	(20)4 group	(38)2 N/L	(56)2 index
(3)12 prevalence	(21)4 patient	(39)2 PbB	(57)2 inter-specific
(4)10 levels	(22)4 rate	(40)2 accuracy	(58)2 internal
(5)9 level	(23)4 shear	(41)2 age	(59)2 job
(6)9 school	(24)3 blood	(42)2 alcohol	(60)2 mass
(7)8 null	(25)3 concentration	(43)2 areas	(61)2 population
(8)7 proportion	(26)3 density	(44)2 birth	(62)2 positive
(9)6 in	(27)3 dose	(45)2 caries	(63)2 production
(10)6 lipoprotein	(28)3 efficiency	(46)2 chemotherapy	(64)2 profile
(11)6 liquid	(29)3 frequency	(47)2 correlation	(65)2 relative
(12)6 mortality	(30)3 genetic	(48)2 dental	(66)2 reliability
(13)5 as	(31)3 groups	(49)2 diet	(67)2 resistance
(14)5 autism	(32)3 incidence	(50)2 exposure	(68)2 risks'
(15)5 degree	(33)3 patients	(51)2 expression	(69)2 specificity,
(16)4 concentrations	(34)3 rates	(52)2 frequencies	(70)2 technologies
(17)4 doses	(35)3 ulnar	(53)2 heart	(71)2 tumours
(18)4 for	(36)2 ASD	(54)2 hydrostatic	(72)2 variability

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--- WordNet output for high --- =>1.高いところにある, 高い, 高さが〜の, 高貴な, 高く, 高額の, 興奮状態の, 2.高い所, 高水準 Overview of noun high The noun high has 7 senses (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (5) high -- (a lofty level or position or degree; "summer temperatures reached an all-time high") 2. high -- (an air mass of higher than normal pressure; "the east coast benefits from a Bermuda high") 3. high -- (a state of sustained elation; "I'm on a permanent high these days") 4. high -- (a state of altered consciousness induced by alcohol or narcotics; "they took drugs to get a high on") 5. high, heights -- (a high place; "they stood on high and observed the countryside"; "he doesn't like heights") 6. senior high school, senior high, high, highschool, high school -- (a public secondary school usually including grades 9 through 12; "he goes to the neighborhood highschool") 7. high gear, high -- (a forward gear with a gear ratio that gives the greatest vehicle velocity for a given engine speed) Overview of adj high The adj high has 7 senses (first 5 from tagged texts) 1. (134) high -- (greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount; "a high temperature"; "a high price"; "the high point of his career"; "high risks"; "has high hopes"; "the river is high"; "he has a high opinion of himself") 2. (51) high -- ((literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like `knee-high'); "a high mountain"; "high ceilings"; "high buildings"; "a high forehead"; "a high incline"; "a foot high") 3. (10) eminent, high -- (standing above others in quality or position; "people in high places"; "the high priest"; "eminent members of the community") 4. (7) high, high-pitched -- (used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency) 5. (2) high, in high spirits -- (happy and excited and energetic) 6. gamey, gamy, high -- ((used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted) 7. high, mellow -- (slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug (especially marijuana)) Overview of adv high The adv high has 4 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (9) high, high up -- (at a great altitude; "he climbed high on the ladder") 2. (2) high -- (in or to a high position, amount, or degree; "prices have gone up far too high") 3. high, richly, luxuriously -- (in a rich manner; "he lives high") 4. high -- (far up toward the source; "he lives high up the river") --- WordNet end ---