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return kwic search for health out of >500 occurrences
353463 occurrences (No.52 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

202) Divalent lead ions (Pb(2+) ) are toxic environmental pollutants known to cause serious health problems in humans and animals.

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PMID:23765435 DOI:10.1002/tox.21878

2015 Environmental toxicology

* Pb2+ induces gastrin gene expression by extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and transcription factor activator protein 1 in human gastric carcinoma cells.

- Divalent lead ions (Pb(2+) ) are toxic environmental pollutants known to cause serious health problems in humans and animals. Absorption of Pb(2+) from air, water, and food takes place in the respiratory and digestive tracts. The ways in which absorbed Pb(2+) affects cell physiology are just beginning to be understood at the molecular level. Here, we used reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting to analyze cultures of human gastric carcinoma cells exposed to 10 μM lead nitrate. We found that Pb(2+) induces gastrin hormone gene transcription and translation in a time-dependent manner. Promoter deletion analysis revealed that activator protein 1 (AP1) was necessary for gastrin gene transcription in cells exposed to Pb(2+) . MitogIen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK kinase inhibitor PD98059 suppressed the Pb(2+) -induced increase in messenger RNA. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors AG1478 and PD153035 reduced both transcription and phosphorylation by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Cells exposed to Pb(2+) also increased production of c-Jun protein, a component of AP1, and over-expression of c-Jun enhanced activation of the gastrin promoter. In sum, the findings suggest the EGFR-ERK1/2-AP1 pathway mediates the effects of Pb(2+) on gastrin gene activity in cell culture.

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[frequency of next (right) word to health]

(1)73 care	(17)5 impact	(33)3 issues	(49)2 cost
(2)35 and	(18)5 impacts	(34)3 literacy	(50)2 data
(3)23 null	(19)5 insurance	(35)3 policy	(51)2 economic
(4)13 promotion	(20)5 problem	(36)3 risk	(52)2 examination
(5)12 Survey	(21)5 system	(37)3 risks	(53)2 factors
(6)12 professionals	(22)4 knowledge	(38)3 services,	(54)2 hazard
(7)8 education	(23)4 providers	(39)3 symptoms	(55)2 is
(8)8 effects	(24)4 surveillance	(40)3 was	(56)2 messages
(9)8 outcomes	(25)3 Insurance	(41)3 workers	(57)2 needs
(10)8 status	(26)3 Promotion	(42)2 Department	(58)2 plan
(11)7 problems	(27)3 as	(43)2 Organization's	(59)2 protection
(12)6 Organization	(28)3 authorities	(44)2 activities	(60)2 sector
(13)6 in	(29)3 centres	(45)2 benefits	(61)2 survey
(14)6 of	(30)3 conditions	(46)2 centers
(15)6 services	(31)3 hazards	(47)2 challenges
(16)5 behaviours	(32)3 interventions	(48)2 concern

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--- WordNet output for health --- =>健康状態, 健康, 調子 Overview of noun health The noun health has 2 senses (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (21) health, wellness -- (a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease; "physicians should be held responsible for the health of their patients") 2. health -- (the general condition of body and mind; "his delicate health"; "in poor health") --- WordNet end ---