* Externalizing the private experience of pain: a role for co-speech gestures in pain communication?
- Despite the importance of effective pain communication, talking about pain represents a major challenge for patients and clinicians because pain is a private and subjective experience. Focusing primarily on acute pain, this article considers the limitations of current methods of obtaining information about the sensory characteristics of pain and suggests that spontaneously produced "co-speech hand gestures" may constitute an important source of information here. Although this is a relatively new area of research, we present recent empirical evidence that reveals that co-speech gestures contain important information about pain that can both add to and clarify speech. Following this, we discuss how these findings might eventually lead to a greater understanding of the sensory characteristics of pain, and to improvements in treatment and support for pain sufferers. We hope that this article will stimulate further research and discussion of this previously overlooked dimension of pain communication.
=>1.さらにずっと, さらに先に, 一層遠く, その上, 更に, もっと遠い, なお一層の, さらに遠く,
もっと先に, いっそうはるかに, さらにまた, さらになお(furthermore), 2.進める, 助成する, 促進する
Overview of verb further
The verb further has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts)
1. (7) foster, further -- (promote the growth of; "Foster our children's well-being and education")
2. (2) promote, advance, boost, further, encourage -- (contribute to the progress or growth of; "I
am promoting the use of computers in the classroom")
Overview of adj further
The adj further has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (2) further, farther -- (more distant in especially degree; "nothing could be further from the
truth"; "further from our expectations"; "farther from the truth"; "farther from our expectations")
Overview of adv further
The adv further has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts)
1. (33) further, farther -- (to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (`further'
is used more often than `farther' in this abstract sense); "further complicated by uncertainty about
the future"; "let's not discuss it further"; "nothing could be further from the truth"; "they are
further along in their research than we expected"; "the application of the law was extended
farther"; "he is going no farther in his studies")
2. (10) further -- (in addition or furthermore; "if we further suppose"; "stated further that he
would not cooperate with them"; "they are definitely coming; further, they should be here already")
3. (1) farther, further -- (to or at a greater distance in time or space (`farther' is used more
frequently than `further' in this physical sense); "farther north"; "moved farther away"; "farther
down the corridor"; "the practice may go back still farther to the Druids"; "went only three miles
further"; "further in the future")
Overview of adv far
The adv far has 5 senses (first 4 from tagged texts)
1. (61) far -- (to a considerable degree; very much; "a far far better thing that I do"; "felt far
worse than yesterday"; "eyes far too close together")
2. (39) far -- (at or to or from a great distance in space; "he traveled far"; "strayed far from
home"; "sat far away from each other")
3. (22) far -- (at or to a certain point or degree; "I can only go so far before I have to give up";
"how far can we get with this kind of argument?")
4. (3) far -- (remote in time; "if we could see far into the future"; "all that happened far in the
past")
5. far -- (to an advanced stage or point; "a young man who will go very far")
--- WordNet end ---