* Effect of chromium (VI) exposure on antioxidant defense status and trace element homeostasis in acute experiment in rat.
- Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds is of concern in many Cr-related industries and their surrounding environment. Cr(VI) is a proven toxin and carcinogen. The Cr(VI) compounds are easily absorbed, can diffuse across cell membranes, and have strong oxidative potential. Despite intensive studies of Cr(VI) pro-oxidative effects, limited data exist on the influence of Cr(VI) on selenoenzymes thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-important components of antioxidant defense system. This study investigates the effect of Cr(VI) exposure on antioxidant defense status, with focus on these selenoenzymes, and on trace element homeostasis in an acute experiment in rat. Male Wistar rats (130-140g) were assigned to two groups of 8 animals: I. control; and II. Cr(VI) treated. The animals in Cr(VI) group were administered a single dose of K2Cr2O7 (20 mg /kg, intraperitoneally (ip)). The control group received saline solution. After 24 h, the animals were sacrificed and the liver and kidneys were examined for lipid peroxidation (LP; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration), the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of GPx-1, TrxR-1, and glutathione reductase (GR). Samples of tissues were also used to estimate Cr accumulation and alterations in zinc, copper, and iron levels. The acute Cr(VI) exposure caused an increase in both hepatic and renal LP (by 70%, p < 0.01 and by 15%, p < 0.05, respectively), increased hepatic GSH level and GPx-1 activity, and decreased renal GPx-1 activity. The activity of GR was not changed. A significant inhibitory effect of Cr(VI) was found on TrxR-1 activity in both the liver and the kidneys. The ability of Cr(VI) to cause TrxR inhibition could contribute to its cytotoxic effects. Further investigation of oxidative responses in different in vivo models may enable the development of strategies to protect against Cr(VI) oxidative damage.
=>設立する, 基礎づける
Overview of noun found
The noun found has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (1) found -- (food and lodging provided in addition to money; "they worked for $30 and found")
Overview of verb found
The verb found has 3 senses (first 2 from tagged texts)
1. (9) establish, set up, found, launch -- (set up or found; "She set up a literacy program")
2. (4) establish, found, plant, constitute, institute -- (set up or lay the groundwork for;
"establish a new department")
3. establish, base, ground, found -- (use as a basis for; found on; "base a claim on some
observation")
Overview of verb find
The verb find has 16 senses (first 13 from tagged texts)
1. (159) find, happen, chance, bump, encounter -- (come upon, as if by accident; meet with; "We find
this idea in Plato"; "I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here"; "She
chanced upon an interesting book in the bookstore the other day")
2. (141) detect, observe, find, discover, notice -- (discover or determine the existence, presence,
or fact of; "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water"; "We found traces of lead in
the paint")
3. (86) find, regain -- (come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed
or lost; "Did you find your glasses?"; "I cannot find my gloves!")
4. (57) determine, find, find out, ascertain -- (establish after a calculation, investigation,
experiment, survey, or study; "find the product of two numbers"; "The physicist who found the
elusive particle won the Nobel Prize")
5. (57) find, feel -- (come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds;
"I feel that he doesn't like me"; "I find him to be obnoxious"; "I found the movie rather
entertaining")
6. (45) witness, find, see -- (perceive or be contemporaneous with; "We found Republicans winning
the offices"; "You'll see a lot of cheating in this school"; "The 1960's saw the rebellion of the
younger generation against established traditions"; "I want to see results")
7. (41) line up, get hold, come up, find -- (get something or somebody for a specific purpose; "I
found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener"; "I got hold of these tools to fix our
plumbing"; "The chairman got hold of a secretary on Friday night to type the urgent letter")
8. (34) discover, find -- (make a discovery, make a new finding; "Roentgen discovered X-rays";
"Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle")
9. (29) discover, find -- (make a discovery; "She found that he had lied to her"; "The story is
false, so far as I can discover")
10. (16) find -- (obtain through effort or management; "She found the time and energy to take care
of her aging parents"; "We found the money to send our sons to college")
11. (16) rule, find -- (decide on and make a declaration about; "find someone guilty")
12. (13) receive, get, find, obtain, incur -- (receive a specified treatment (abstract); "These
aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation"; "His movie received a
good review"; "I got nothing but trouble for my good intentions")
13. (11) find -- (perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place; "I found myself in a
difficult situation"; "When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room")
14. recover, retrieve, find, regain -- (get or find back; recover the use of; "She regained control
of herself"; "She found her voice and replied quickly")
15. find -- (succeed in reaching; arrive at; "The arrow found its mark")
16. find oneself, find -- (accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation; "My
son went to Berkeley to find himself")
Overview of adj found
The adj found has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (1) found -- (come upon unexpectedly or after searching; "found art"; "the lost-and-found
department")
--- WordNet end ---