* ARX regulates cortical intermediate progenitor cell expansion and upper layer neuron formation through repression of Cdkn1c.
- Mutations in the Aristaless-related homeobox (ARX) gene are found in a spectrum of epilepsy and X-linked intellectual disability disorders. During development Arx is expressed in pallial ventricular zone (VZ) progenitor cells where the excitatory projection neurons of the cortex are born. Arx(-/Y) mice were shown to have decreased proliferation in the cortical VZ resulting in smaller brains; however, the basis for this reduced proliferation was not established. To determine the role of ARX on cell cycle dynamics in cortical progenitor cells, we generated cerebral cortex-specific Arx mouse mutants (cKO). The loss of pallial Arx resulted in the reduction of cortical progenitor cells, particularly the proliferation of intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs) was affected. Later in development and postnatally cKO brains showed a reduction of upper layer but not deeper layer neurons consistent with the IPC defect. Transcriptional profile analysis of E14.5 Arx-ablated cortices compared with control revealed that CDKN1C, an inhibitor of cell cycle progression, is overexpressed in the cortical VZ and SVZ of Arx KOs throughout corticogenesis. We also identified ARX as a direct regulator of Cdkn1c transcription. Together these data support a model where ARX regulates the expansion of cortical progenitor cells through repression of Cdkn1c.
=>設立する, 基礎づける
Overview of noun found
The noun found has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (1) found -- (food and lodging provided in addition to money; "they worked for $30 and found")
Overview of verb found
The verb found has 3 senses (first 2 from tagged texts)
1. (9) establish, set up, found, launch -- (set up or found; "She set up a literacy program")
2. (4) establish, found, plant, constitute, institute -- (set up or lay the groundwork for;
"establish a new department")
3. establish, base, ground, found -- (use as a basis for; found on; "base a claim on some
observation")
Overview of verb find
The verb find has 16 senses (first 13 from tagged texts)
1. (159) find, happen, chance, bump, encounter -- (come upon, as if by accident; meet with; "We find
this idea in Plato"; "I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here"; "She
chanced upon an interesting book in the bookstore the other day")
2. (141) detect, observe, find, discover, notice -- (discover or determine the existence, presence,
or fact of; "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water"; "We found traces of lead in
the paint")
3. (86) find, regain -- (come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed
or lost; "Did you find your glasses?"; "I cannot find my gloves!")
4. (57) determine, find, find out, ascertain -- (establish after a calculation, investigation,
experiment, survey, or study; "find the product of two numbers"; "The physicist who found the
elusive particle won the Nobel Prize")
5. (57) find, feel -- (come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds;
"I feel that he doesn't like me"; "I find him to be obnoxious"; "I found the movie rather
entertaining")
6. (45) witness, find, see -- (perceive or be contemporaneous with; "We found Republicans winning
the offices"; "You'll see a lot of cheating in this school"; "The 1960's saw the rebellion of the
younger generation against established traditions"; "I want to see results")
7. (41) line up, get hold, come up, find -- (get something or somebody for a specific purpose; "I
found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener"; "I got hold of these tools to fix our
plumbing"; "The chairman got hold of a secretary on Friday night to type the urgent letter")
8. (34) discover, find -- (make a discovery, make a new finding; "Roentgen discovered X-rays";
"Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle")
9. (29) discover, find -- (make a discovery; "She found that he had lied to her"; "The story is
false, so far as I can discover")
10. (16) find -- (obtain through effort or management; "She found the time and energy to take care
of her aging parents"; "We found the money to send our sons to college")
11. (16) rule, find -- (decide on and make a declaration about; "find someone guilty")
12. (13) receive, get, find, obtain, incur -- (receive a specified treatment (abstract); "These
aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation"; "His movie received a
good review"; "I got nothing but trouble for my good intentions")
13. (11) find -- (perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place; "I found myself in a
difficult situation"; "When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room")
14. recover, retrieve, find, regain -- (get or find back; recover the use of; "She regained control
of herself"; "She found her voice and replied quickly")
15. find -- (succeed in reaching; arrive at; "The arrow found its mark")
16. find oneself, find -- (accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation; "My
son went to Berkeley to find himself")
Overview of adj found
The adj found has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (1) found -- (come upon unexpectedly or after searching; "found art"; "the lost-and-found
department")
--- WordNet end ---