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299123 occurrences (No.77 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

412) Our findings call into question the sole use of current resource productivity indicators in policy making and suggest the necessity of an additional focus on consumption-based accounting for natural resource use.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:24003158 DOI:10.1073/pnas.1220362110

2015 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

* The material footprint of nations.

- Metrics on resource productivity currently used by governments suggest that some developed countries have increased the use of natural resources at a slower rate than economic growth (relative decoupling) or have even managed to use fewer resources over time (absolute decoupling). Using the material footprint (MF), a consumption-based indicator of resource use, we find the contrary: Achievements in decoupling in advanced economies are smaller than reported or even nonexistent. We present a time series analysis of the MF of 186 countries and identify material flows associated with global production and consumption networks in unprecedented specificity. By calculating raw material equivalents of international trade, we demonstrate that countries' use of nondomestic resources is, on average, about threefold larger than the physical quantity of traded goods. As wealth grows, countries tend to reduce their domestic portion of materials extraction through international trade, whereas the overall mass of material consumption generally increases. With every 10% increase in gross domestic product, the average national MF increases by 6%. Our findings call into question the sole use of current resource productivity indicators in policy making and suggest the necessity of an additional focus on consumption-based accounting for natural resource use.

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(1)88 suggest	(15)10 revealed	(29)3 for	(43)2 during
(2)27 indicate	(16)9 may	(30)3 highlighted	(44)2 give
(3)24 of	(17)8 show	(31)3 imply	(45)2 hold
(4)23 null	(18)7 showed	(32)3 indicated	(46)2 implicate
(5)23 from	(19)7 underscore	(33)3 regarding	(47)2 into
(6)17 are	(20)6 to	(34)3 that	(48)2 is
(7)17 support	(21)5 suggested	(35)3 the	(49)2 lend
(8)14 provide	(22)4 also	(36)3 will	(50)2 or
(9)12 have	(23)4 included	(37)2 add	(51)2 point
(10)12 highlight	(24)4 on	(38)2 at	(52)2 provided
(11)12 in	(25)4 reveal	(39)2 by	(53)2 related
(12)12 were	(26)4 we	(40)2 call	(54)2 should
(13)11 and	(27)3 could	(41)2 confirm	(55)2 suggesting
(14)10 demonstrate	(28)3 demonstrated	(42)2 contribute	(56)2 suggestive

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--- WordNet output for findings --- =>研究(調査)結果 Overview of noun findings The noun findings has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts) 1. findings -- (a collection of tools and other articles used by an artisan to make jewelry or clothing or shoes) Overview of noun finding The noun finding has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (16) determination, finding -- (the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation; "the determination of molecular structures") 2. (3) finding -- (the decision of a court on issues of fact or law) 3. (1) finding -- (something that is found; "the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate that he died several hours after dinner"; "an area rich in archaeological findings") --- WordNet end ---