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299123 occurrences (No.77 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

279) The findings were that the patterns of brain activation during task preparation contain information about the upcoming task difficulty.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:24092642 DOI:10.1093/cercor/bht262

2015 Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

* He who is well prepared has half won the battle: an FMRI study of task preparation.

- The neural mechanism underlying preparation for tasks that vary in difficulty has not been explored. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study manipulated task difficulty by varying the working memory (WM) load of the n-back task. Each n-back task block was preceded by a preparation period involving a screen that indicated the level of difficulty of the upcoming task. Consistent with previous work, activation in some brain regions depended on WM load in the task. These regions were used as regions of interest for the univariate and multivariate (classification) analyses of preparation periods. The findings were that the patterns of brain activation during task preparation contain information about the upcoming task difficulty. (1) A support vector machine classifier was able to decode the n-back task difficulty from the patterns of brain activation during task preparation. Those individuals whose activation patterns for anticipated 1- versus 2- versus 3-back conditions were classified with higher accuracy showed better behavioral performance on the task, suggesting that task performance depends on task preparation. (2) Left inferior frontal gyrus, intraparietal sulcus, and anterior cingulate cortex parametrically decreased activation as anticipated task difficulty increased. Taken together, these results suggest dynamic involvement of the WM network not only during WM task performance, but also during task preparation.

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(1)88 suggest	(15)10 revealed	(29)3 for	(43)2 during
(2)27 indicate	(16)9 may	(30)3 highlighted	(44)2 give
(3)24 of	(17)8 show	(31)3 imply	(45)2 hold
(4)23 null	(18)7 showed	(32)3 indicated	(46)2 implicate
(5)23 from	(19)7 underscore	(33)3 regarding	(47)2 into
(6)17 are	(20)6 to	(34)3 that	(48)2 is
(7)17 support	(21)5 suggested	(35)3 the	(49)2 lend
(8)14 provide	(22)4 also	(36)3 will	(50)2 or
(9)12 have	(23)4 included	(37)2 add	(51)2 point
(10)12 highlight	(24)4 on	(38)2 at	(52)2 provided
(11)12 in	(25)4 reveal	(39)2 by	(53)2 related
(12)12 were	(26)4 we	(40)2 call	(54)2 should
(13)11 and	(27)3 could	(41)2 confirm	(55)2 suggesting
(14)10 demonstrate	(28)3 demonstrated	(42)2 contribute	(56)2 suggestive

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--- WordNet output for findings --- =>研究(調査)結果 Overview of noun findings The noun findings has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts) 1. findings -- (a collection of tools and other articles used by an artisan to make jewelry or clothing or shoes) Overview of noun finding The noun finding has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (16) determination, finding -- (the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation; "the determination of molecular structures") 2. (3) finding -- (the decision of a court on issues of fact or law) 3. (1) finding -- (something that is found; "the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate that he died several hours after dinner"; "an area rich in archaeological findings") --- WordNet end ---