ELIZA cgi-bash version rev. 1.90
- Medical English LInking keywords finder for the PubMed Zipped Archive (ELIZA) -

return kwic search for factors out of >500 occurrences
295043 occurrences (No.82 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]
136) Future studies should focus on broader clinical variables that have been proposed as qualitatively different between these disorders, and on the possible genetic and environmental factors that might help explain such differences.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:23398095 DOI:10.1521/pedi_2013_27_079
2015 Journal of personality disorders
* Social phobia and avoidant personality disorder: similar but different?
- Avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) is regarded as a severe variant of social phobia (SP), consistent with a dimensional model. However, these conclusions are largely drawn from studies based on individuals with SP, with or without comorbid AvPD. The present study hypothesized that there are qualitative differences between AvPD and SP that are undermined by limiting research to participants with SP. The authors sought to test this hypothesis by comparing three groups-SP only, AvPD only, and SP+AvPD-using data extracted from an epidemiological sample of 10,641 adults aged 18 years and over. Screening questions were used in the epidemiological survey to identify ICD-10 personality disorders; from this the author developed a proxy measure for DSM-IV AvPD. Axis I diagnoses, including DSM-IV SP, were identified using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). In this sample, the majority of those with AvPD did not also have SP: The authors found 116 persons with AvPD only, 196 with SP only, and 69 with SP+AvPD. There was little difference between any of the groups on sex, marital status, employment, education, or impairment variables. The SP+AvPD group reported more distress and comorbidity than the SP only and AvPD only groups, which did not differentiate from each other. More feared social situations were endorsed in the SP only group compared to the AvPD only group. Although the finding of few differences between SP only and AvPD only groups among the variables measured in this epidemiological survey fails to provide support for the hypothesis of qualitative differences, the finding that the AvPD only group appears more similar to the SP only group than to the SP+AvPD group also fails to provide support for the alternative continuity hypothesis. The greater distress and additional comorbidity with depression associated with SP+AvPD may be due to the additional symptom load of a second disorder rather than simply representing a more severe variant of social phobia. The use of a proxy for AvPD is a limitation of the study. Future studies should focus on broader clinical variables that have been proposed as qualitatively different between these disorders, and on the possible genetic and environmental factors that might help explain such differences.
--- ABSTRACT END ---
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(1)62 for (12)10 related (23)3 using (34)2 during
(2)44 *null* (13)8 on (24)3 which (35)2 from
(3)36 that (14)7 have (25)3 with (36)2 including
(4)34 associated (15)7 such (26)2 (age, (37)2 independently
(5)31 and (16)6 may (27)2 along (38)2 involved
(6)29 in (17)4 influence (28)2 as (39)2 jointly
(7)20 were (18)4 significantly (29)2 c-Jun (40)2 other
(8)14 influencing (19)4 to (30)2 can (41)2 produced
(9)13 are (20)3 across (31)2 contribute (42)2 was
(10)13 of (21)3 among (32)2 contributing
(11)10 affecting (22)3 like (33)2 diagnostic

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--- WordNet output for factors --- Overview of noun factor The noun factor has 7 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (31) factor -- (anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome") 2. (8) component, constituent, element, factor, ingredient -- (an abstract part of something; "jealousy was a component of his character"; "two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony"; "the grammatical elements of a sentence"; "a key factor in her success"; "humor: an effective ingredient of a speech") 3. (4) divisor, factor -- (one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer; "what are the 4 factors of 6?") 4. (1) agent, factor, broker -- (a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission) 5. factor -- (any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together) 6. factor -- (an independent variable in statistics) 7. gene, cistron, factor -- ((genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity; "genes were formerly called factors") Overview of verb factor The verb factor has 3 senses (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (2) factor, factor in, factor out -- (resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15") 2. factor -- (be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a company's profitability") 3. factor, factor in, factor out -- (consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments") --- WordNet end ---