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return kwic search for expression out of >500 occurrences
731925 occurrences (No.6 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

460) This field study adds new molecular endpoints, including gene expression, as suitable tools that, complementing other ecotoxicological parameters, may help to improve the methodologies of freshwater monitoring under the increasing burden of xenobiotics.

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PMID:23893657 DOI:10.1002/tox.21893

2015 Environmental toxicology

* Transcriptional responses, metabolic activity and mouthpart deformities in natural populations of Chironomus riparius larvae exposed to environmental pollutants.

- Biomarkers are an important tool in laboratory assays that link exposure or effect of specific toxicants to key molecular and cellular events, but they have not been widely used in invertebrate populations exposed to complex mixtures of environmental contaminants in their natural habitats. The present study focused on a battery of biomarkers and their comparative analysis in natural populations of the benthic larvae of Chironomus riparius (Diptera), sampled in three differentially polluted rivers (the Con, Sar, and Louro in Galicia, Spain). In our study, some parameters were identified, such as hsp70 gene activity, GST enzymatic activity, total glycogen content and mouthpart deformities, which showed significant differences among populations from the three rivers that differed in the levels and types of sedimentary contaminants analyzed (metals, organic-chlorine pesticides, alkylphenols, pharmaceutical, and personal care products). In contrast to these sensitive biomarkers, other parameters showed no significant differences (hsc70 gene, EcR gene, P450 gene, RNA:DNA ratio, total protein content), and were stable even when comparing field and nonexposed laboratory populations. The hsp70 gene seems to be particularly sensitive to conditions of pollutant exposure, while its constitutive counterpart hsc70 showed invariable expression, suggesting that the hsc70/hsp70 ratio may be a potential indicator of polluted environments. Although further studies are required to understand the correlation between molecular responses and the ecological effects of pollutants on natural populations, the results provide new data about the biological responses to multiple-stressor environments. This field study adds new molecular endpoints, including gene expression, as suitable tools that, complementing other ecotoxicological parameters, may help to improve the methodologies of freshwater monitoring under the increasing burden of xenobiotics.

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(1)183 of	(11)7 is	(21)3 indicating	(31)2 level,
(2)50 in	(12)6 analysis	(22)3 on	(32)2 pattern
(3)28 levels	(13)4 at	(23)3 via	(33)2 profiling
(4)25 and	(14)4 profile	(24)2 alkaline	(34)2 regulation
(5)23 was	(15)4 through	(25)2 between	(35)2 that
(6)21 null	(16)4 were	(26)2 but	(36)2 whereas
(7)11 level	(17)3 are	(27)2 cell	(37)2 which
(8)10 patterns	(18)3 changes	(28)2 during	(38)2 with
(9)8 profiles	(19)3 data	(29)2 from
(10)7 by	(20)3 for	(30)2 increased

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--- WordNet output for expression --- =>表現すること, 式, 表現, 表示, 言い回し, 表現法, 表情 Overview of noun expression The noun expression has 9 senses (first 6 from tagged texts) 1. (23) expression, look, aspect, facial expression, face -- (the feelings expressed on a person's face; "a sad expression"; "a look of triumph"; "an angry face") 2. (18) expression, manifestation, reflection, reflexion -- (expression without words; "tears are an expression of grief"; "the pulse is a reflection of the heart's condition") 3. (15) expression, verbal expression, verbalism -- (the communication (in speech or writing) of your beliefs or opinions; "expressions of good will"; "he helped me find verbal expression for my ideas"; "the idea was immediate but the verbalism took hours") 4. (5) saying, expression, locution -- (a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations; "pardon the expression") 5. (4) formulation, expression -- (the style of expressing yourself; "he suggested a better formulation"; "his manner of expression showed how much he cared") 6. (4) formula, expression -- (a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement) 7. expression -- ((genetics) the process of expressing a gene) 8. construction, grammatical construction, expression -- (a group of words that form a constituent of a sentence and are considered as a single unit; "I concluded from his awkward constructions that he was a foreigner") 9. expression -- (the act of forcing something out by squeezing or pressing; "the expression of milk from her breast") --- WordNet end ---