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291610 occurrences (No.83 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
7) Thus, EE rearing revealed greater effects of the Fmr1 mutation on hippocampal pyramidal cell morphology than was evident with standard housing, suggesting that environmental enrichment allows for fuller appreciation of the impact of the mutation and better representation of abnormalities likely to be present in human FXS.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:24046080 DOI:10.1093/cercor/bht249
2015 Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
* Environmental enrichment reveals effects of genotype on hippocampal spine morphologies in the mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome.
- Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) and the Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse model of this disorder exhibit abnormal dendritic spines in neocortex, but the degree of spine disturbances in hippocampus is not clear. The present studies tested if the mutation influences dendritic branching and spine measures for CA1 pyramidal cells in Fmr1 KO and wild-type (WT) mice provided standard or enriched environment (EE) housing. Automated measures from 3D reconstructions of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled cells showed that spine head volumes were ∼ 40% lower in KOs when compared with WTs in both housing conditions. With standard housing, average spine length was greater in KOs versus WTs but there was no genotype difference in dendritic branching, numbers of spines, or spine length distribution. However, with EE rearing, significant effects of genotype emerged including greater dendritic branching in WTs, greater spine density in KOs, and greater numbers of short thin spines in KOs when compared with WTs. Thus, EE rearing revealed greater effects of the Fmr1 mutation on hippocampal pyramidal cell morphology than was evident with standard housing, suggesting that environmental enrichment allows for fuller appreciation of the impact of the mutation and better representation of abnormalities likely to be present in human FXS.
--- ABSTRACT END ---
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(1)38 the (17)3 nicotine, (33)2 childhood (49)2 nicotine
(2)12 these (18)3 three (34)2 chronic (50)2 oral
(3)7 a (19)3 two (35)2 coping (51)2 oxidized
(4)5 an (20)2 10 (36)2 dietary (52)2 prolonged
(5)5 different (21)2 2 (37)2 environmental (53)2 reappraisal
(6)5 exposure (22)2 CUX1 (38)2 fungal (54)2 resilience
(7)5 this (23)2 DADS (39)2 heavy (55)2 resistance
(8)4 CP (24)2 DEHP (40)2 individual (56)2 scaffold
(9)4 HLs (25)2 EMF (41)2 ionizing (57)2 self-determined
(10)4 TV (26)2 LLLT (42)2 length (58)2 social
(11)4 both (27)2 NPs (43)2 low (59)2 subacute
(12)4 perceived (28)2 Ni (44)2 mercury (60)2 tramadol,
(13)3 black-odor (29)2 SLT (45)2 mesenchymal (61)2 various
(14)3 changes (30)2 administration (46)2 metal (62)2 vitamin
(15)3 exercise (31)2 age (47)2 methanolic (63)2 wheat
(16)3 long-term (32)2 caffeic (48)2 multivitamins

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--- WordNet output for effects --- =>個人資産 Overview of noun effects The noun effects has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts) 1. effects, personal effects -- (property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business; "she left some of her personal effects in the house"; "I watched over their effects until they returned") Overview of noun effect The noun effect has 6 senses (first 5 from tagged texts) 1. (101) consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot -- (a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon; "the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise"; "his decision had depressing consequences for business"; "he acted very wise after the event") 2. (11) impression, effect -- (an outward appearance; "he made a good impression"; "I wanted to create an impression of success"; "she retained that bold effect in her reproductions of the original painting") 3. (9) effect -- (an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived); "he just did it for effect") 4. (2) effect, essence, burden, core, gist -- (the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work) 5. (1) effect, force -- ((of a law) having legal validity; "the law is still in effect") 6. effect -- (a symptom caused by an illness or a drug; "the effects of sleep loss"; "the effect of the anesthetic") Overview of verb effect The verb effect has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (17) effect, effectuate, set up -- (produce; "The scientists set up a shock wave") 2. (3) effect -- (act so as to bring into existence; "effect a change") --- WordNet end ---