ELIZA

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683276 occurrences (No.7 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

72) This investigation was undertaken to compare five different in vitro cytotoxicity assays for their power in revealing vanadium-mediated toxicity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells.

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PMID:23524879 DOI:10.1177/0748233713483199

2015 Toxicology and industrial health

* Comparison of five different in vitro assays for assessment of sodium metavanadate cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1 line).

- This investigation was undertaken to compare five different in vitro cytotoxicity assays for their power in revealing vanadium-mediated toxicity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells. The cells were exposed to sodium metavanadate (NaVO(3)) in the range of 10-1000 µM for 24 h and thereafter the cytotoxic effects of NaVO(3) were measured by colorimetric in vitro assays: the neutral red (NR) test, the 2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt (XTT) assay, the resazurin assay, the sulforhodamine B (SR-B) assay, and by microscopic assessment of cell viability using the trypan blue (TB) staining method. Among the assays used, the NR test was the most sensitive, since it revealed metavanadate cytotoxicity at the lowest NaVO(3) dose (=50 µM). Also, NaVO(3) cytotoxicity expressed as inhibitory concentration (IC) showed the lowest values for the NR test. Three other tests XTT, resazurin, and SR-B assays showed intermediate sensitivity revealing the cytotoxicity of NaVO(3) at 100 µM. The corresponding IC10 and IC50 values calculated for the XTT, resazurin, and SR-B tests were similar. The TB staining method was the least sensitive, since it recorded metavanadate cytotoxicity at the highest NaVO(3) concentration tested (=600 µM). Based on the cytotoxicity end points measured with the above assays, it can be concluded that lysosomal/Golgi apparatus damage (measured by NR assay) may be the primary effect of NaVO(3) on CHO-K1 cells. The disintegration of mitochondria (assessed with the XTT and resazurin assays) probably follows lysosomal impairment. Plasma membrane permeability (staining with TB) occurs at a late stage of NaVO(3)-induced cytotoxicity on CHO-K1 cells. The results obtained in this research work show that the NR test can be recommended as a very sensitive assay for the assessment of NaVO(3) cytotoxicity in the CHO-K1 cell culture model. Considering the convenience of assay performance along with adequate sensitivity, the XTT and resazurin assays can also be advocated for NaVO(3) cytotoxicity assessment.

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(1)21 from	(18)3 amounts	(35)2 compared	(52)2 origins
(2)15 types	(19)3 aspects	(36)2 dietary	(53)2 output
(3)10 between	(20)3 cell	(37)2 diseases	(54)2 pHs
(4)9 doses	(21)3 degrees	(38)2 dosing	(55)2 patterns
(5)7 concentrations	(22)3 effects	(39)2 ethnic	(56)2 perspectives
(6)6 time	(23)3 for	(40)2 flow	(57)2 protocols
(7)5 in	(24)3 health	(41)2 frequencies	(58)2 range
(8)5 levels	(25)3 mechanisms	(42)2 gene	(59)2 regions
(9)4 null	(26)3 parts	(43)2 genes	(60)2 scenarios
(10)4 areas	(27)3 roles	(44)2 genetic	(61)2 sensory
(11)4 combinations	(28)3 species	(45)2 human	(62)2 surface
(12)4 components	(29)3 ways	(46)2 indicators	(63)2 taxa
(13)4 groups	(30)2 abutments	(47)2 internal-cone	(64)2 than
(14)4 methods	(31)2 and	(48)2 laser	(65)2 therapeutic
(15)4 stages	(32)2 approaches	(49)2 masking	(66)2 tissues
(16)4 tilt	(33)2 bleaching	(50)2 materials	(67)2 versions
(17)3 adhesive	(34)2 changes	(51)2 molecular	(68)2 views

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--- WordNet output for different --- =>いろいろな, 違った, 異なった, 様々の, 種々の, 異なる, 変わった Overview of adj different The adj different has 5 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (88) different -- (unlike in nature or quality or form or degree; "took different approaches to the problem"; "came to a different conclusion"; "different parts of the country"; "on different sides of the issue"; "this meeting was different from the earlier one") 2. (41) different -- (distinctly separate from the first; "that's another (or different) issue altogether") 3. (2) different -- (differing from all others; not ordinary; "advertising that strives continually to be different"; "this new music is certainly different but I don't really like it") 4. (1) unlike, dissimilar, different -- (marked by dissimilarity; "for twins they are very unlike"; "people are profoundly different") 5. different -- (distinct or separate; "each interviewed different members of the community") --- WordNet end ---