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683276 occurrences (No.7 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

58) In vivo exposure to different concentrations of CdCl2 (10, 25, 50, and 75 µg/L) to N.

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PMID:23804459 DOI:10.1002/tox.21883

2015 Environmental toxicology

* Genotoxicity of cadmium chloride in the marine gastropod Nerita chamaeleon using comet assay and alkaline unwinding assay.

- This paper presents an evaluation of the genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl2 ) on marine gastropod, Nerita chamaeleon following the technique of comet assay and the DNA alkaline unwinding assay (DAUA). In this study, the extent of DNA damage in gill cells of N. chamaeleon was measured after in vivo exposure to four different concentrations (10, 25, 50, and 75 µg/L) of CdCl2 . In vitro exposure of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ; 1, 10, 25, and 50 µM) of the gill cells showed a significant increase in the percentage tail DNA, Olive tail moment, and tail length (TL). Significant changes in percentage tail DNA by CdCl2 exposure were observed in all exposed groups of snails with respect to those in control. Exposure to 75 µg/L of CdCl2 produced significant decrease in DNA integrity as measured by DAUA at all duration with respect to control. In vivo exposure to different concentrations of CdCl2 (10, 25, 50, and 75 µg/L) to N. chamaeleon showed considerable increase in DNA damage as observed by both alkaline comet assay and the DAUA. The extent of DNA damage in marine gastropods determined by the application of alkaline comet assay and DAUA clearly indicated the genotoxic responses of marine gastropod, N. chamaeleon to a wide range of cadmium concentration in the marine environment.

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(1)21 from	(18)3 amounts	(35)2 compared	(52)2 origins
(2)15 types	(19)3 aspects	(36)2 dietary	(53)2 output
(3)10 between	(20)3 cell	(37)2 diseases	(54)2 pHs
(4)9 doses	(21)3 degrees	(38)2 dosing	(55)2 patterns
(5)7 concentrations	(22)3 effects	(39)2 ethnic	(56)2 perspectives
(6)6 time	(23)3 for	(40)2 flow	(57)2 protocols
(7)5 in	(24)3 health	(41)2 frequencies	(58)2 range
(8)5 levels	(25)3 mechanisms	(42)2 gene	(59)2 regions
(9)4 null	(26)3 parts	(43)2 genes	(60)2 scenarios
(10)4 areas	(27)3 roles	(44)2 genetic	(61)2 sensory
(11)4 combinations	(28)3 species	(45)2 human	(62)2 surface
(12)4 components	(29)3 ways	(46)2 indicators	(63)2 taxa
(13)4 groups	(30)2 abutments	(47)2 internal-cone	(64)2 than
(14)4 methods	(31)2 and	(48)2 laser	(65)2 therapeutic
(15)4 stages	(32)2 approaches	(49)2 masking	(66)2 tissues
(16)4 tilt	(33)2 bleaching	(50)2 materials	(67)2 versions
(17)3 adhesive	(34)2 changes	(51)2 molecular	(68)2 views

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--- WordNet output for different --- =>いろいろな, 違った, 異なった, 様々の, 種々の, 異なる, 変わった Overview of adj different The adj different has 5 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (88) different -- (unlike in nature or quality or form or degree; "took different approaches to the problem"; "came to a different conclusion"; "different parts of the country"; "on different sides of the issue"; "this meeting was different from the earlier one") 2. (41) different -- (distinctly separate from the first; "that's another (or different) issue altogether") 3. (2) different -- (differing from all others; not ordinary; "advertising that strives continually to be different"; "this new music is certainly different but I don't really like it") 4. (1) unlike, dissimilar, different -- (marked by dissimilarity; "for twins they are very unlike"; "people are profoundly different") 5. different -- (distinct or separate; "each interviewed different members of the community") --- WordNet end ---