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return kwic search for development out of >500 occurrences
383385 occurrences (No.47 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
439) However, the brain structural development associated with TV viewing has never been investigated.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:24256892 DOI:10.1093/cercor/bht315
2015 Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
* The impact of television viewing on brain structures: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.
- Television (TV) viewing is known to affect children's verbal abilities and other physical, cognitive, and emotional development in psychological studies. However, the brain structural development associated with TV viewing has never been investigated. Here we examined cross-sectional correlations between the duration of TV viewing and regional gray/white matter volume (rGMV/rWMV) among 133 boys and 143 girls as well as correlations between the duration of TV viewing and longitudinal changes that occurred a few years later among 111 boys and 105 girls. After correcting for confounding factors, we found positive effects of TV viewing on rGMV of the frontopolar and medial prefrontal areas in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, positive effects of TV viewing on rGMV/rWMV of areas of the visual cortex in cross-sectional analyses, and positive effects of TV viewing on rGMV of the hypothalamus/septum and sensorimotor areas in longitudinal analyses. We also confirmed negative effects of TV viewing on verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. These anatomical correlates may be linked to previously known effects of TV viewing on verbal competence, aggression, and physical activity. In particular, the present results showed effects of TV viewing on the frontopolar area of the brain, which has been associated with intellectual abilities.
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--- WordNet output for development --- =>発達, 開発, 産物, 進展 Overview of noun development The noun development has 9 senses (first 7 from tagged texts) 1. (52) development -- (act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining; "he congratulated them on their development of a plan to meet the emergency"; "they funded research and development") 2. (46) development, evolution -- (a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage); "the development of his ideas took many years"; "the evolution of Greek civilization"; "the slow development of her skill as a writer") 3. (11) growth, growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis -- ((biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children") 4. (9) development -- (a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation; "recent developments in Iraq"; "what a revolting development!") 5. (7) exploitation, development -- (the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful; "the development of Alaskan resources"; "the exploitation of copper deposits") 6. (6) development -- (a district that has been developed to serve some purpose; "such land is practical for small park developments") 7. (4) development -- (a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess); "after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter"; "in chess your should take care of your development before moving your queen") 8. development, developing -- (processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible; "the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours") 9. development -- ((music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated) --- WordNet end ---