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383385 occurrences (No.47 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

385) Detailed histological studies revealed precocious oocyte development as well as follicular atresia.

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PMID:24273110 DOI:10.1002/tox.21920

2015 Environmental toxicology

* Early exposure of 17α-ethynylestradiol and diethylstilbestrol induces morphological changes and alters ovarian steroidogenic pathway enzyme gene expression in catfish, Clarias gariepinus.

- Environmental estrogens are major cause of endocrine disruption in vertebrates, including aquatic organisms. Teleosts are valuable and popular models for studying the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment. In the present study, we investigated the changes caused by exposure to the synthetic estrogens 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2 ) and diethylstilbesterol (DES) during early stages of growth and sex differentiation of air-breathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus, at the morphological, histological, and molecular levels. Catfish hatchlings, 0 day post hatch (dph) were exposed continuously to sublethal doses of EE2 (50 ng/L) and DES (10 ng/L) until 50 dph and subsequently monitored for ovarian structural changes and alteration in the gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes till adulthood. Treated fish exhibited morphological deformities such as spinal curvature, stunted growth, and yolk-sac fluid retention. In addition to ovarian atrophy, DES-treated fish showed either rudimentary or malformed ovaries. Detailed histological studies revealed precocious oocyte development as well as follicular atresia. Further, transcript levels of various steroidogenic enzyme and transcription factor genes were altered in response to EE2 and DES. Activity of the rate-limiting enzyme of estrogen biosynthesis, aromatase, in the ovary as well as the brain of treated fish was in accordance with transcript level changes. These developmental and molecular effects imparted by EE2 and DES during early life stages of catfish could demonstrate the deleterious effects of estrogen exposure and provide reliable markers for estrogenic EDCs exposure in the environment.

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(1)236 of	(6)6 was	(11)3 and/or	(16)2 on
(2)59 and	(7)5 as	(12)3 by	(17)2 progression,
(3)54 null	(8)4 are	(13)3 including	(18)2 to
(4)21 in	(9)4 for	(14)3 process
(5)6 is	(10)4 were	(15)2 after

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--- WordNet output for development --- =>発達, 開発, 産物, 進展 Overview of noun development The noun development has 9 senses (first 7 from tagged texts) 1. (52) development -- (act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining; "he congratulated them on their development of a plan to meet the emergency"; "they funded research and development") 2. (46) development, evolution -- (a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage); "the development of his ideas took many years"; "the evolution of Greek civilization"; "the slow development of her skill as a writer") 3. (11) growth, growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis -- ((biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children") 4. (9) development -- (a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation; "recent developments in Iraq"; "what a revolting development!") 5. (7) exploitation, development -- (the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful; "the development of Alaskan resources"; "the exploitation of copper deposits") 6. (6) development -- (a district that has been developed to serve some purpose; "such land is practical for small park developments") 7. (4) development -- (a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess); "after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter"; "in chess your should take care of your development before moving your queen") 8. development, developing -- (processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible; "the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours") 9. development -- ((music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated) --- WordNet end ---