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286534 occurrences (No.87 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

171) In summary, we demonstrated the dose-responsive effects for inhalation of ZnONP and zinc nitrate in mice.

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PMID:24559390 DOI:10.3109/17435390.2014.886740

2015 Nanotoxicology

* Particulate nature of inhaled zinc oxide nanoparticles determines systemic effects and mechanisms of pulmonary inflammation in mice.

- Inhalation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP) has potential health impact. Because zinc ion may involve in the toxicity of ZnONP, we compared adverse effects of inhaled aerosolized ZnONP and zinc nitrate in mice. Aerosolized ZnONP and zinc nitrate were well-dispersed in the inhalation chamber. Inhalation of 0.86 mg/m(3) ZnONP or 1.98 mg/m(3) zinc nitrate for 5 h caused acute inflammation mainly at bronchioloalveolar junctions of lungs at 24-h post-exposure. Inhalation of ZnONP or zinc nitrate increased metallothionein expression in the epithelial cells of brochioloalveolar junction. While the effects on cytokines secretion in bronchoalveolar lavage were similar between ZnONP and zinc nitrate, only ZnONP increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. However, repeated exposure to 0.86 mg/m(3) ZnONP 5 h/day for 5 days failed to cause a similar adverse effect. Either single or repeated exposure to 0.86 mg/m(3) ZnONP increased activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and creatine phosphokinase in blood. In contrast, exposure to zinc nitrate had no similar systemic effects. In human bronchial epithelial cells, ZnONP-induced interleukin-8 secretion was partially prevented by co-treatment with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor. Furthermore, ZnONP-induced pulmonary inflammation was greater in wild-type mice than in TLR4-deficent mice. It appears that ZnONP-induced acute pulmonary inflammation partially depended on TLR4. In summary, we demonstrated the dose-responsive effects for inhalation of ZnONP and zinc nitrate in mice. The threshold of cytokines induction for inhalation of ZnONP for 5 h was 0.43 mg/m(3). The particulate characters of ZnONP might contribute to the systemic adverse effects and shall be evaluated for assessing its health impact in humans.

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(1)158 that	(10)5 good	(19)3 excellent	(28)2 efficacy
(2)48 the	(11)5 increased	(20)3 more	(29)2 greater
(3)40 a	(12)5 significantly	(21)3 no	(30)2 how
(4)23 by	(13)4 as	(22)3 that,	(31)2 successful
(5)21 to	(14)4 better	(23)2 acceptable	(32)2 through
(6)13 in	(15)4 improved	(24)2 and	(33)2 using
(7)12 null	(16)4 its	(25)2 both
(8)11 an	(17)4 similar	(26)2 decreased
(9)8 for	(18)3 between	(27)2 differential

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--- WordNet output for demonstrated --- Overview of verb demonstrate The verb demonstrate has 4 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (24) show, demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate -- (give an exhibition of to an interested audience; "She shows her dogs frequently"; "We will demo the new software in Washington") 2. (22) prove, demonstrate, establish, show, shew -- (establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment; "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound"; "The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture") 3. (2) attest, certify, manifest, demonstrate, evidence -- (provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes; "His high fever attested to his illness"; "The buildings in Rome manifest a high level of architectural sophistication"; "This decision demonstrates his sense of fairness") 4. (1) demonstrate, march -- (march in protest; take part in a demonstration; "Thousands demonstrated against globalization during the meeting of the most powerful economic nations in Seattle") Overview of adj demonstrated The adj demonstrated has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (1) demonstrated -- (having been demonstrated or verified beyond doubt) --- WordNet end ---