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399456 occurrences (No.44 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
366) The specimens were randomly divided into two experimental (n = 25), one positive control (n = 10), and two negative control (n = 10) groups.
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PMID:23793337 DOI:10.1007/s10103-013-1370-x
2015 Lasers in medical science
* Effect of Nd: YAG laser on the apical seal after root-end resection and MTA retrofill: a bacterial leakage study.
- Laser irradiation has been investigated in terms of preventing leakage in retrofilled root canals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser on the bacterial leakage of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-retrofilled roots. In this ex vivo experimental study, 90 single-rooted incisor teeth were filled with gutta-percha and AH26 sealer. The apical 3 mm of all the roots were resected and 3-mm retrocavities were prepared by an ultrasonic device. The specimens were randomly divided into two experimental (n = 25), one positive control (n = 10), and two negative control (n = 10) groups. In the laser + MTA group, the cavity walls were irradiated by Nd: YAG laser prior to MTA placement. In the MTA group, MTA was placed without laser irradiation. The root surfaces were covered with two layers of nail varnish except for the apical 2 mm. The specimens were then embedded in a bacterial leakage test system and examined daily for 90 days. Contamination periods were recorded. Data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Mann-Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). Five teeth with and five teeth without laser irradiation underwent scanning electron microscopic evaluation. The specimens in the laser + MTA group were contaminated earlier than those in the MTA group (p < 0.05). Comparison of survival times between the two groups showed significant differences (p < 0.05). Nd: YAG laser irradiation can decrease the sealing capacity of MTA in comparison to the apical seal achieved by MTA without laser irradiation. Further studies are recommended to provide a better seal for the MTA-retrofilled teeth after laser irradiation.
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(1)96 group (11)5 measures (21)3 region, (31)2 eyes
(2)34 and (12)5 participants (22)3 system (32)2 levels
(3)29 *null* (13)4 (P (23)3 was (33)2 mice
(4)29 region (14)4 in (24)3 with (34)2 milk-LNS,
(5)24 of (15)4 is (25)2 NP (35)2 practices
(6)21 groups (16)4 over (26)2 activities (36)2 strategies
(7)17 group, (17)4 regions (27)2 but (37)2 were
(8)9 the (18)4 subjects (28)2 donkeys
(9)7 group) (19)3 a (29)2 donkeys,
(10)7 study (20)3 or (30)2 during

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--- WordNet output for control --- =>1.管理する, 制御する, 統制する, 抑える, 2.コントロール, 実験対象, 管理, 対照標準 Overview of noun control The noun control has 11 senses (first 9 from tagged texts) 1. (19) control -- (power to direct or determine; "under control") 2. (16) control -- (a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another; "measures for the control of disease"; "they instituted controls over drinking on campus") 3. (7) control -- ((physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc; "the timing and control of his movements were unimpaired"; "he had lost control of his sphincters") 4. (5) control condition, control -- (a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment; "the control condition was inappropriate for the conclusions he wished to draw") 5. (5) control -- (the activity of managing or exerting control over something; "the control of the mob by the police was admirable") 6. (4) dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency, control -- (the state that exists when one person or group has power over another; "her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her") 7. (3) restraint, control -- (discipline in personal and social activities; "he was a model of polite restraint"; "she never lost control of herself") 8. (2) command, control, mastery -- (great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity; "a good command of French") 9. (1) control, controller -- (a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine; "the speed controller on his turntable was not working properly"; "I turned the controls over to her") 10. control -- (a spiritual agency that is assumed to assist the medium during a seance) 11. control -- (the economic policy of controlling or limiting or curbing prices or wages etc.; "they wanted to repeal all the legislation that imposed economic controls") Overview of verb control The verb control has 8 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (28) control, command -- (exercise authoritative control or power over; "control the budget"; "Command the military forces") 2. (20) control, hold in, hold, contain, check, curb, moderate -- (lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits; "moderate your alcohol intake"; "hold your tongue"; "hold your temper"; "control your anger") 3. (7) operate, control -- (handle and cause to function; "do not operate machinery after imbibing alcohol"; "control the lever") 4. (1) manipulate, keep in line, control -- (control (others or oneself) or influence skillfully, usually to one's advantage; "She manipulates her boss"; "She is a very controlling mother and doesn't let her children grow up"; "The teacher knew how to keep the class in line"; "she keeps in line") 5. control, verify -- (check or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment or comparing with another standard; "Are you controlling for the temperature?") 6. control -- (verify by using a duplicate register for comparison; "control an account") 7. see, check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain, assure -- (be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something; "He verified that the valves were closed"; "See that the curtains are closed"; "control the quality of the product") 8. master, control -- (have a firm understanding or knowledge of; be on top of; "Do you control these data?") --- WordNet end ---