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399456 occurrences (No.44 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

340) In tolerant animals, a significant increase in GFAP and TNFα levels was observed in the lumbar spinal cord, and was reversed to control levels by 100 mg/kg SKE.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:23943205 DOI:10.1007/s11418-013-0796-6

2015 Journal of natural medicines

* Satureja khuzestanica prevents the development of morphine analgesic tolerance through suppression of spinal glial cell activation in rats.

- Glial cell activation and oxidative stress are important factors in the induction of opioid side effects such as tolerance and dependence. It has been demonstrated that Satureja khuzistanica extract (SKE) has antioxidative, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its influences on opioid analgesic tolerance have not yet been clarified. Adult male Wistar rats were rendered analgesic-tolerant by injection of 10 mg/kg morphine twice daily for 8 days. To determine the effect of SKE on the development of morphine tolerance, different doses of SKE (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg i.p.) were injected simultaneously with morphine. The tail-flick test was used to assess the nociceptive threshold. The lumbar spinal cord was assayed to determine glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) levels by the Western blotting method. Our results showed that chronic morphine produced tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of morphine. However, SKE could prevent, in a dose-dependent manner, morphine tolerance development. In tolerant animals, a significant increase in GFAP and TNFα levels was observed in the lumbar spinal cord, and was reversed to control levels by 100 mg/kg SKE. Our data revealed that Satureja khuzistanica had beneficial effects in preventing opioid tolerance and the underlying mechanisms of those effects may be due, at least in part, to reduce spinal glial cell activation.

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(1)96 group	(11)5 measures	(21)3 region,	(31)2 eyes
(2)34 and	(12)5 participants	(22)3 system	(32)2 levels
(3)29 null	(13)4 (P	(23)3 was	(33)2 mice
(4)29 region	(14)4 in	(24)3 with	(34)2 milk-LNS,
(5)24 of	(15)4 is	(25)2 NP	(35)2 practices
(6)21 groups	(16)4 over	(26)2 activities	(36)2 strategies
(7)17 group,	(17)4 regions	(27)2 but	(37)2 were
(8)9 the	(18)4 subjects	(28)2 donkeys
(9)7 group)	(19)3 a	(29)2 donkeys,
(10)7 study	(20)3 or	(30)2 during

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--- WordNet output for control --- =>1.管理する, 制御する, 統制する, 抑える, 2.コントロール, 実験対象, 管理, 対照標準 Overview of noun control The noun control has 11 senses (first 9 from tagged texts) 1. (19) control -- (power to direct or determine; "under control") 2. (16) control -- (a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another; "measures for the control of disease"; "they instituted controls over drinking on campus") 3. (7) control -- ((physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc; "the timing and control of his movements were unimpaired"; "he had lost control of his sphincters") 4. (5) control condition, control -- (a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment; "the control condition was inappropriate for the conclusions he wished to draw") 5. (5) control -- (the activity of managing or exerting control over something; "the control of the mob by the police was admirable") 6. (4) dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency, control -- (the state that exists when one person or group has power over another; "her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her") 7. (3) restraint, control -- (discipline in personal and social activities; "he was a model of polite restraint"; "she never lost control of herself") 8. (2) command, control, mastery -- (great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity; "a good command of French") 9. (1) control, controller -- (a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine; "the speed controller on his turntable was not working properly"; "I turned the controls over to her") 10. control -- (a spiritual agency that is assumed to assist the medium during a seance) 11. control -- (the economic policy of controlling or limiting or curbing prices or wages etc.; "they wanted to repeal all the legislation that imposed economic controls") Overview of verb control The verb control has 8 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (28) control, command -- (exercise authoritative control or power over; "control the budget"; "Command the military forces") 2. (20) control, hold in, hold, contain, check, curb, moderate -- (lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits; "moderate your alcohol intake"; "hold your tongue"; "hold your temper"; "control your anger") 3. (7) operate, control -- (handle and cause to function; "do not operate machinery after imbibing alcohol"; "control the lever") 4. (1) manipulate, keep in line, control -- (control (others or oneself) or influence skillfully, usually to one's advantage; "She manipulates her boss"; "She is a very controlling mother and doesn't let her children grow up"; "The teacher knew how to keep the class in line"; "she keeps in line") 5. control, verify -- (check or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment or comparing with another standard; "Are you controlling for the temperature?") 6. control -- (verify by using a duplicate register for comparison; "control an account") 7. see, check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain, assure -- (be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something; "He verified that the valves were closed"; "See that the curtains are closed"; "control the quality of the product") 8. master, control -- (have a firm understanding or knowledge of; be on top of; "Do you control these data?") --- WordNet end ---