88) This paper presents and compares several methods of measuring continuous baseline covariate imbalance in clinical trial data. |
PMID:21865270 DOI:10.1177/0962280211416038 |
2015 Statistical methods in medical research |
* Measuring continuous baseline covariate imbalances in clinical trial data. |
- This paper presents and compares several methods of measuring continuous baseline covariate imbalance in clinical trial data. Simulations illustrate that though the t-test is an inappropriate method of assessing continuous baseline covariate imbalance, the test statistic itself is a robust measure in capturing imbalance in continuous covariate distributions. Guidelines to assess effects of imbalance on bias, type I error rate and power for hypothesis test for treatment effect on continuous outcomes are presented, and the benefit of covariate-adjusted analysis (ANCOVA) is also illustrated. |
(1)36 and | (17)5 application | (33)3 attachment | (49)2 grading |
(2)26 practice | (18)5 data | (34)3 course, | (50)2 interventions |
(3)22 trials | (19)5 efficacy | (35)3 examination, | (51)2 literature |
(4)19 trial | (20)5 features | (36)3 experience | (52)2 measures |
(5)14 research | (21)5 outcome | (37)3 information | (53)2 nurse |
(6)14 studies | (22)5 picture | (38)3 manifestations | (54)2 observations |
(7)10 use | (23)5 relevance | (39)3 significance | (55)2 point |
(8)8 parameters | (24)5 symptoms | (40)3 variables | (56)2 practice, |
(9)8 settings | (25)5 translation | (41)2 benefits | (57)2 presentation, |
(10)8 signs | (26)5 trials, | (42)2 cases | (58)2 process |
(11)8 study | (27)5 utility | (43)2 conditions | (59)2 results |
(12)7 examination | (28)4 characteristics | (44)2 context | (60)2 sample, |
(13)7 implications | (29)4 evaluation | (45)2 decision-making | (61)2 situation |
(14)7 presentation | (30)4 management | (46)2 decisions | (62)2 situations, |
(15)6 applications | (31)4 outcomes | (47)2 diagnosis | (63)2 success |
(16)6 course | (32)4 signs, | (48)2 findings | (64)2 tooth |
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