ELIZA cgi-bash version rev. 1.90
- Medical English LInking keywords finder for the PubMed Zipped Archive (ELIZA) -

return kwic search for cells out of >500 occurrences
856246 occurrences (No.4 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
31) However, chemicals may differentially and non-specifically bind to medium constituents, well plate plastic and cells.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:23978460 DOI:10.1016/j.tox.2013.08.012
2015 Toxicology
* Dose metric considerations in in vitro assays to improve quantitative in vitro-in vivo dose extrapolations.
- Challenges to improve toxicological risk assessment to meet the demands of the EU chemical's legislation, REACH, and the EU 7th Amendment of the Cosmetics Directive have accelerated the development of non-animal based methods. Unfortunately, uncertainties remain surrounding the power of alternative methods such as in vitro assays to predict in vivo dose-response relationships, which impedes their use in regulatory toxicology. One issue reviewed here, is the lack of a well-defined dose metric for use in concentration-effect relationships obtained from in vitro cell assays. Traditionally, the nominal concentration has been used to define in vitro concentration-effect relationships. However, chemicals may differentially and non-specifically bind to medium constituents, well plate plastic and cells. They may also evaporate, degrade or be metabolized over the exposure period at different rates. Studies have shown that these processes may reduce the bioavailable and biologically effective dose of test chemicals in in vitro assays to levels far below their nominal concentration. This subsequently hampers the interpretation of in vitro data to predict and compare the true toxic potency of test chemicals. Therefore, this review discusses a number of dose metrics and their dependency on in vitro assay setup. Recommendations are given on when to consider alternative dose metrics instead of nominal concentrations, in order to reduce effect concentration variability between in vitro assays and between in vitro and in vivo assays in toxicology.
--- ABSTRACT END ---
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[frequency of next (right) word to cells]
(1)80 *null* (15)5 as (29)3 exposed (43)2 expanded
(2)47 and (16)5 expressed (30)3 have (44)2 expressing
(3)39 were (17)5 of (31)3 isolated (45)2 had
(4)26 in (18)5 which (32)3 showed (46)2 labeled
(5)12 (MSCs) (19)4 (ASCs) (33)3 we (47)2 may
(6)11 was (20)4 has (34)2 (ASCs), (48)2 play
(7)10 to (21)4 is (35)2 (BMSCs) (49)2 present
(8)9 with (22)4 on (36)2 (ECFCs) (50)2 remains
(9)7 are (23)4 seeded (37)2 (HSCs) (51)2 such
(10)6 can (24)4 within (38)2 after (52)2 the
(11)6 for (25)3 (ASC) (39)2 by (53)2 via
(12)6 from (26)3 (ECs) (40)2 caused
(13)6 or (27)3 (HUVECs) (41)2 cultured
(14)6 that (28)3 (hMSCs) (42)2 derived

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--- WordNet output for cells --- Overview of noun cell The noun cell has 7 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (71) cell -- (any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb") 2. (44) cell -- ((biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals) 3. (1) cell, electric cell -- (a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction) 4. cell, cadre -- (a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement) 5. cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, cell, mobile phone -- (a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver) 6. cell, cubicle -- (small room in which a monk or nun lives) 7. cell, jail cell, prison cell -- (a room where a prisoner is kept) --- WordNet end ---