ELIZA cgi-bash version rev. 1.90
- Medical English LInking keywords finder for the PubMed Zipped Archive (ELIZA) -

return kwic search for based on out of >500 occurrences
346933 occurrences (No.53 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
168) Our analysis is based on a proposed statistical model that is in line with the typical models employed in metrology and measurement theory.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:22232301 DOI:10.1177/0962280211433597
2015 Statistical methods in medical research
* Some common errors of experimental design, interpretation and inference in agreement studies.
- We signal and discuss common methodological errors in agreement studies and the use of kappa indices, as found in publications in the medical and behavioural sciences. Our analysis is based on a proposed statistical model that is in line with the typical models employed in metrology and measurement theory. A first cluster of errors is related to nonrandom sampling, which results in a potentially substantial bias in the estimated agreement. Second, when class prevalences are strongly nonuniform, the use of the kappa index becomes precarious, as its large partial derivatives result in typically large standard errors of the estimates. In addition, the index reflects rather one-sidedly in such cases the consistency of the most prevalent class, or the class prevalences themselves. A final cluster of errors concerns interpretation pitfalls, which may lead to incorrect conclusions based on agreement studies. These interpretation issues are clarified on the basis of the proposed statistical modelling. The signalled errors are illustrated from actual studies published in prestigious journals. The analysis results in a number of guidelines and recommendations for agreement studies, including the recommendation to use alternatives to the kappa index in certain situations.
--- ABSTRACT END ---
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(1)142 the (8)4 data (15)2 clinical (22)2 partial
(2)40 a (9)4 our (16)2 combined (23)2 previous
(3)19 these (10)4 two (17)2 current (24)2 radiological
(4)9 their (11)3 16S (18)2 functional (25)2 sequences
(5)7 this (12)3 an (19)2 histological (26)2 shear
(6)5 its (13)2 all (20)2 interviews (27)2 small
(7)4 both (14)2 changes (21)2 morphology (28)2 surveys

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--- WordNet output for based --- =>に基づき Overview of verb base The verb base has 3 senses (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (75) establish, base, ground, found -- (use as a basis for; found on; "base a claim on some observation") 2. base -- (situate as a center of operations; "we will base this project in the new lab") 3. free-base, base -- (use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes) Overview of adj based The adj based has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (3) based -- (having a base; "firmly based ice") 2. (1) based -- (having a base of operations (often used as a combining form); "a locally based business"; "an Atlanta-based company"; "carrier-based planes") --- WordNet end ---