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- Medical English LInking keywords finder for the PubMed Zipped Archive (ELIZA) -

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365) Our findings call into question the sole use of current resource productivity indicators in policy making and suggest the necessity of an additional focus on consumption-based accounting for natural resource use.
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PMID:24003158 DOI:10.1073/pnas.1220362110
2015 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
* The material footprint of nations.
- Metrics on resource productivity currently used by governments suggest that some developed countries have increased the use of natural resources at a slower rate than economic growth (relative decoupling) or have even managed to use fewer resources over time (absolute decoupling). Using the material footprint (MF), a consumption-based indicator of resource use, we find the contrary: Achievements in decoupling in advanced economies are smaller than reported or even nonexistent. We present a time series analysis of the MF of 186 countries and identify material flows associated with global production and consumption networks in unprecedented specificity. By calculating raw material equivalents of international trade, we demonstrate that countries' use of nondomestic resources is, on average, about threefold larger than the physical quantity of traded goods. As wealth grows, countries tend to reduce their domestic portion of materials extraction through international trade, whereas the overall mass of material consumption generally increases. With every 10% increase in gross domestic product, the average national MF increases by 6%. Our findings call into question the sole use of current resource productivity indicators in policy making and suggest the necessity of an additional focus on consumption-based accounting for natural resource use.
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(1)247 on (10)3 approach (19)2 chemotherapy (28)2 physical
(2)10 method (11)3 hydrogels (20)2 computer-tailored (29)2 rehabilitation
(3)10 therapies (12)3 information (21)2 financing (30)2 retrospective
(4)5 cross-sectional (13)3 study (22)2 learning (31)2 scaffolds
(5)5 upon (14)3 techniques (23)2 methods (32)2 strategy
(6)4 survey (15)3 therapeutic (24)2 modelling (33)2 studies
(7)4 tissue (16)2 NPWT (25)2 morphometry (34)2 telephone
(8)3 CRT (17)2 RUTF (26)2 nutrient (35)2 vaccination
(9)3 anti-bullying (18)2 and (27)2 palliative

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--- WordNet output for based --- =>に基づき Overview of verb base The verb base has 3 senses (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (75) establish, base, ground, found -- (use as a basis for; found on; "base a claim on some observation") 2. base -- (situate as a center of operations; "we will base this project in the new lab") 3. free-base, base -- (use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes) Overview of adj based The adj based has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (3) based -- (having a base; "firmly based ice") 2. (1) based -- (having a base of operations (often used as a combining form); "a locally based business"; "an Atlanta-based company"; "carrier-based planes") --- WordNet end ---