ELIZA

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560012 occurrences (No.18 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

195) A surface analysis was conducted by stereomicroscopy (Olympus SZ61) and SEM (Stereoscan 440, LEO).

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PMID:23881534 DOI:10.1007/s10103-013-1392-4

2015 Lasers in medical science

* Surface treatment of dental porcelain: CO2 laser as an alternative to oven glaze.

- This work tested continuous CO2 laser as a surface treatment to dental porcelain and compared it to oven glaze (auto-glaze) by means of roughness and color parameters. Three commercial veneering porcelains with different crystalline content were tested: VM7, VM9, and VM13. Porcelain discs (3.5 × 2.0 mm, diameter × height) were sintered and had one side ground by a diamond bur (45 μm) simulating a chairside adjustment in a clinical office. Specimens (n = 7) were divided into the following groups: C--control (no treatment), G--auto-glaze (oven), and L--surface continuous irradiation with CO2 laser (Gem Laser, Coherent; λ = 10.6 μm). Laser was tested in three exposure times (3, 4, or 5 min) and two irradiances (45 and 50 W/cm(2)). Roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, and Rpm/Rz) were measured using a rugosimeter (Surftest 301, Mitutoyo). Color differences (ΔE) between the G and L groups were calculated (VITA Easyshade); ΔE values up to 3.3 were considered as not perceivable. A surface analysis was conducted by stereomicroscopy (Olympus SZ61) and SEM (Stereoscan 440, LEO). Crystalline content of specimens from groups C and L (50 W/cm(2), 5 min) was assessed by X-ray diffraction and then compared. Surface roughness (Ra and Rz) observed for laser-irradiated groups was similar to G for all studied porcelains. Rpm/Rz ratios were near 1.0 for all groups that indicated a sharp ridge profile for all specimens. Only one laser condition studied (50 W/cm(2), 3 min) from VM7 porcelain resulted in color difference (ΔE = 3.5) to G. Specimens irradiated with 50 W/cm(2) for 5 min presented the smoother surface observed by SEM, comparable to G. X-ray diffraction data revealed an increase in leucite crystallite size for VM9 and VM13 porcelains after laser treatment. Regarding roughness, continuous CO2 laser applied on porcelain surface was as effective as conventional oven auto-glaze.

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(1)124 of	(12)7 is	(23)3 suggested	(34)2 method
(2)63 null	(13)6 with	(24)3 we	(35)2 no
(3)35 was	(14)5 based	(25)3 yielded	(36)2 patients
(4)22 and	(15)5 on	(26)2 (FEA)	(37)2 results
(5)21 showed	(16)5 were	(27)2 allele	(38)2 reveals
(6)19 revealed	(17)4 as	(28)2 because	(39)2 suggests
(7)10 in	(18)4 confirmed	(29)2 by	(40)2 that
(8)9 indicated	(19)4 demonstrated	(30)2 during	(41)2 tools
(9)8 the	(20)4 using	(31)2 found
(10)8 to	(21)3 identified	(32)2 further
(11)7 for	(22)3 shows	(33)2 has

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--- WordNet output for analysis --- =>詳細な検討, 分解, 分析, 解析, 見方, 精神分析 Overview of noun analysis The noun analysis has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (45) analysis -- (an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole) 2. (5) analysis, analytic thinking -- (the abstract separation of a whole into its constituent parts in order to study the parts and their relations) 3. (2) analysis -- (a form of literary criticism in which the structure of a piece of writing is analyzed) 4. analysis -- (the use of closed-class words instead of inflections: e.g., `the father of the bride' instead of `the bride's father') 5. analysis -- (a branch of mathematics involving calculus and the theory of limits; sequences and series and integration and differentiation) 6. psychoanalysis, analysis, depth psychology -- (a set of techniques for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders; based on the theories of Sigmund Freud; "his physician recommended psychoanalysis") --- WordNet end ---