9) After WCR, serum glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced, and free fatty acid and cortisol increased. |
PMID:24602091 DOI:10.1111/sms.12194 |
2015 Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports |
* A time-efficient reduction of fat mass in 4 days with exercise and caloric restriction. |
- To determine whether a fast reduction in fat mass can be achieved in 4 days by combining caloric restriction (CR: 3.2 kcal/kg body weight per day) with exercise (8-h walking + 45-min arm cranking per day) to induce an energy deficit of ∼5000 kcal/day, 15 overweight men underwent five experimental phases: pretest, exercise + CR for 4 days (WCR), control diet + reduced exercise for 3 days (DIET), and follow-up 4 weeks (POST1) and 1 year later (POST2). During WCR, the diet consisted solely of whey protein (n = 8) or sucrose (n = 7) (0.8 g/kg body weight per day). After WCR, DIET, POST1, and POST2, fat mass was reduced by a mean of 2.1, 2.8, 3.8, and 1.9 kg (P < 0.05), with two thirds of this loss from the trunk; and lean mass by 2.8, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.4 kg, respectively. After WCR, serum glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced, and free fatty acid and cortisol increased. Serum leptin was reduced by 64%, 50%, and 33% following WCR, DIET, and POST1, respectively (P < 0.05). The effects were similar in both groups. In conclusion, a clinically relevant reduction in fat mass can be achieved in overweight men in just 4 days by combining prolonged exercise with CR. |
(1)29 and | (20)4 treatment | (39)2 (FA) | (58)2 from |
(2)15 *null* | (21)3 (AA) | (40)2 (PA) | (59)2 hydrolysis |
(3)11 in | (22)3 (ALA) | (41)2 (PLGA) | (60)2 interactions |
(4)10 phenethyl | (23)3 (GABA) | (42)2 (PLGA), | (61)2 may |
(5)10 phosphatase | (24)3 (NEFA) | (43)2 (SA) | (62)2 nanoparticles |
(6)9 is | (25)3 changes | (44)2 (SLA) | (63)2 peptide |
(7)8 was | (26)3 decarboxylase | (45)2 (TA) | (64)2 proteins |
(8)6 (HA) | (27)3 etching | (46)2 (TCA) | (65)2 racemization |
(9)6 reactive | (28)3 levels | (47)2 A | (66)2 ratio |
(10)5 as | (29)3 metabolism | (48)2 BSA | (67)2 residues |
(11)5 bacteria | (30)3 on | (49)2 Ig-superfamily | (68)2 substances |
(12)5 group | (31)3 protein | (50)2 Schiff | (69)2 suppressive |
(13)5 or | (32)3 sequence | (51)2 biosynthesis | (70)2 synthetase |
(14)5 synthesis | (33)3 sequences | (52)2 by | (71)2 the |
(15)5 to | (34)3 status | (53)2 changes, | (72)2 therapy |
(16)4 binding | (35)3 were | (54)2 composition | (73)2 vitamin |
(17)4 derivatives | (36)2 (DHA) | (55)2 contents | |
(18)4 for | (37)2 (EDTA) | (56)2 cycle | |
(19)4 solution | (38)2 (EPA) | (57)2 extract |
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